Deshahalli Divakara Deepika, Gore Padmavati Ganpat, Tripathi Kuldeep, Katral Ashvinkumar, Roy Choudhury Debjani, Abhishek Golsar Jagadeesh, Ragi Shridhar, Thippeswamy Danakumar, Muthusamy Vignesh, Sharma Dinesh Kumar, Singh Rakesh, Bhatt Kailash Chandra
The Graduate School, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India.
ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resource, Pusa, New Delhi, India.
PLoS One. 2024 Dec 6;19(12):e0312845. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0312845. eCollection 2024.
Adzuki bean, an underutilized grain legume, has a significant potential for enhancing food and nutritional security. The main obstacles to developing new cultivars and promoting the adzuki bean as a mainstream pulse crop are a lack of awareness about its potential and insufficient information on crop its genetic diversity. Here, we aimed to explore the untapped potential of adzuki bean germplasm by evaluating its agro-morphological traits and diversity at the molecular level and also to identify trait-specific germplasm by utilizing 100 adzuki bean accessions conserved in the Indian National Genebank. Significant variations was recorded for the morphological traits and identified promising accessions exhibiting desirable traits, such as early flowering (IC341945, EC340257 and EC340283), number of primary branches (IC341945 and IC469175), number of clusters per plant (EC000264, IC167611 and IC341939), number of pods per plant (IC469175, EC34264, EC000264), early maturity (EC340283; EC120460; IC341941) and number of seeds per pod (EC340240, IC455396 and IC341955). Molecular characterization of diverse accessions using 22 polymorphic SSR markers identified a total of 50 alleles, with a mean of 2.27 alleles per loci. The polymorphic information content (PIC) ranged from 0.03 to 0.46, indicating informativeness of markers in distinguishing diverse accessions. Further, the gene diversity among the accessions ranged from 0.03 to 0.57 with a mean of 0.19. Population structure analysis grouped the accessions into three genetic groups, supported by Principal Coordinate Analysis (PCoA) and a phylogenetic tree. Additionally, Analysis of Molecular Variance (AMOVA) confirmed a substantial genetic diversity among the adzuki bean accessions. Thus, the combined assessment of agro-morphological traits and molecular markers effectively distinguished adzuki bean accessions and provided valuable insights in understanding untapped variation at both morphological and molecular levels. The promising accessions identified in the study hold potential for integration into legume improvement programs through introgression breeding, contributing to the development of adzuki bean varieties with target trait.
小豆是一种未得到充分利用的食用豆类，在增强粮食和营养安全方面具有巨大潜力。开发新品种并将小豆推广为主流豆类作物的主要障碍是对其潜力缺乏认识，以及关于其作物遗传多样性的信息不足。在此，我们旨在通过评估小豆种质的农艺形态特征和分子水平的多样性来探索其未开发的潜力，并利用保存在印度国家基因库中的100份小豆种质来鉴定特定性状的种质。记录到形态特征存在显著差异，并鉴定出表现出理想性状的有前景的种质，如早花（IC341945、EC340257和EC340283）、一级分枝数（IC341945和IC469175）、每株簇数（EC000264、IC167611和IC341939）、每株荚数（IC469175、EC34264、EC000264）、早熟（EC340283；EC120460；IC341941）和每荚种子数（EC340240、IC455396和IC341955）。使用22个多态性SSR标记对不同种质进行分子表征，共鉴定出50个等位基因，每个位点平均有2.27个等位基因。多态信息含量（PIC）范围为0.03至0.46，表明这些标记在区分不同种质方面具有信息性。此外，种质间的基因多样性范围为0.03至0.57，平均值为0.19。群体结构分析将种质分为三个遗传组，主坐标分析（PCoA）和系统发育树也支持这一结果。此外，分子方差分析（AMOVA）证实小豆种质间存在大量遗传多样性。因此，农艺形态特征和分子标记的综合评估有效地区分了小豆种质，并为理解形态和分子水平上未开发的变异提供了有价值的见解。本研究中鉴定出的有前景的种质具有通过渐渗育种整合到豆类改良计划中的潜力，有助于培育具有目标性状的小豆品种。
