Ferkel Sonia A M, Holman Elizabeth A, Sojwal Raoul S, Rubin Samuel J S, Rogalla Stephan
Stanford University, School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford, USA.
Stanford University, School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford, USA.
Neoplasia. 2025 Jan;59:101091. doi: 10.1016/j.neo.2024.101091. Epub 2024 Dec 5.
Colorectal cancer encompasses a heterogeneous group of malignancies that differ in pathophysiological mechanisms, immune response and infiltration, therapeutic response, and clinical prognosis. Numerous studies have highlighted the clinical relevance of tumor-infiltrating immune cells among different types of colorectal tumors yet vary in cell type definitions and cell identification strategies. The distinction of immune signatures is particularly challenging when several immune subtypes are involved but crucial to identify novel intercellular mechanisms within the tumor microenvironment. In this review, we compile human and non-human studies on tumor-infiltrating immune cells and provide an overview of immune subtypes, their pathophysiological functions, and their prognostic role in colorectal cancer. We discuss how differentiating immune signatures can guide the development of immunotherapeutic targets and personalized treatment regimens. We analyzed comprehensive human protein biomarker profiles across the entire immune spectrum to improve interpretability and application of tumor studies and to ultimately enhance immunotherapy and advance precision medicine for colorectal cancer patients.
结直肠癌包含一组异质性的恶性肿瘤，它们在病理生理机制、免疫反应与浸润、治疗反应及临床预后方面存在差异。众多研究强调了不同类型结直肠癌中肿瘤浸润免疫细胞的临床相关性，但在细胞类型定义和细胞识别策略上有所不同。当涉及多种免疫亚型时，区分免疫特征尤其具有挑战性，但对于识别肿瘤微环境中的新型细胞间机制至关重要。在本综述中，我们汇总了关于肿瘤浸润免疫细胞的人类和非人类研究，并概述了免疫亚型、其病理生理功能及其在结直肠癌中的预后作用。我们讨论了如何通过区分免疫特征来指导免疫治疗靶点的开发和个性化治疗方案。我们分析了整个免疫谱上全面的人类蛋白质生物标志物概况，以提高肿瘤研究的可解释性和应用，并最终加强免疫治疗，推进结直肠癌患者的精准医学。
