Aditi Kumari, Pandey Akanksha, Banerjee Tirthankar
Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India; DST-Mahamana Centre of Excellence in Climate Change Research, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India.
Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India.
Environ Pollut. 2025 Feb 1;366:125441. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.125441. Epub 2024 Dec 4.
Emission estimates of carbon-containing greenhouse gases (CO, CH) and aerosols (PM) were made from forest fire across South Asia using Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) based thermal anomalies and fire products. VIIRS 375 m I-band active fire product was selectively retrieved for the years 2012-2021 over forest cover across South Asia. Annual incidence of fire events across South Asia was 0.17 (±0.05) million (M) with robust spatio-temporal variation. Fire occurrences were mainly concentrated over the forest across Hindu Kush Himalayan region (HKH; 56%), Deccan Plateau (DP) and Central Highlands (CH; 34%). Monthly mean fire incidences emphasize February to May as a typical forest fire season, accounting 90% of annual fire counts. The highest fire pixel density (>1.5 km yr) was noted over the tropical dry/moist deciduous and tropical semi-evergreen forests. Strong diurnal nature of fire radiative power (FRP) was evident with >85% of FRP linked to daytime retrieval. VIIRS based Fire Emission Inventory (VFEI, Version 0) was followed to constitute regional emissions of PM and green house gases from forest fire. Forest fire accounted a yearly emission of 91.58 (±14.76) and 0.25 (±0.04) Tg yr CO and CH respectively, with 25.14 (±3.94) Tg of cumulative carbon release per year, i.e., roughly 1.3% of global fire-related carbon emission. Fire associated PM emission rate was 0.60 (±0.10) Tg yr, 95% of which emitted during peak fire season as was the case for carbon-containing gases. Forest fire across HKH (75%) and DP + CH (20%) predominately contribute to the regional carbon emission, while also accounting 68% (HKH) and 27% (DP + CH) of fire associated PM emission budget. With >70% of forest fires within South Asia being typically anthropogenic, forest fire appears to be a major sector of greenhouse gas and aerosols emissions, and necessitate planning and strict legalities to reduce emission load.
利用基于可见红外成像辐射计套件（VIIRS）的热异常和火灾产品，对南亚地区森林火灾产生的含碳温室气体（一氧化碳、甲烷）和气溶胶（颗粒物）排放进行了估算。在2012 - 2021年期间，从南亚地区的森林覆盖区域中选择性地获取了VIIRS 375米I波段有源火灾产品。南亚地区火灾事件的年发生率为17万起（±5万起），具有明显的时空变化。火灾发生主要集中在兴都库什喜马拉雅地区（HKH；56%）、德干高原（DP）和中部高地（CH；34%）的森林区域。月平均火灾发生率显示，2月至5月是典型的森林火灾季节，占年度火灾总数的90%。在热带干/湿落叶林和热带半常绿林中，火灾像素密度最高（>1.5平方千米/年）。火灾辐射功率（FRP）具有明显的昼夜特性，超过85%的FRP与白天的监测结果相关。采用基于VIIRS的火灾排放清单（VFEI，版本0）来确定森林火灾产生的区域颗粒物和温室气体排放量。森林火灾每年产生的一氧化碳排放量为91.58（±14.76）太克/年，甲烷排放量为0.25（±0.04）太克/年，每年累计碳排放量为25.14（±3.94）太克，约占全球与火灾相关碳排放量的1.3%。与火灾相关的颗粒物排放率为0.60（±0.10）太克/年，其中95%在火灾高峰期排放，含碳气体的情况也是如此。HKH地区（75%）和DP + CH地区（20%）的森林火灾是区域碳排放的主要来源，同时也分别占与火灾相关的颗粒物排放预算的68%（HKH）和27%（DP + CH）。由于南亚地区超过70%的森林火灾通常是人为造成的，森林火灾似乎是温室气体和气溶胶排放的一个主要来源，因此需要制定规划和严格的法规来减轻排放负担。
