Arellano-García Laura Isabel, Portillo María P, Martínez J Alfredo, Courtois Arnaud, Milton-Laskibar Iñaki
Nutrition and Obesity Group, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy and Lucio Lascaray Research Centre, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.
CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2024 Dec 7:1-24. doi: 10.1080/10408398.2024.2437143.
Highly prevalent comorbidities associated with metabolic syndrome, such as abdominal obesity, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and insulin-resistance/Type 2 diabetes (IR/T2D) share alterations in gut microbiota composition as a potential triggering factor. Recent studies put the attention in the potential usage of postbiotics (inactivated probiotics) on these metabolic alterations. This review summarizes the current evidence regarding the efficacy of postbiotic administration in both, preclinical and clinical studies, for the management of obesity, NAFLD and IR/T2D. Data from preclinical studies (rodents) suggest that postbiotic administration effectively prevents obesity, whereas clinical studies corroborate these benefits also in overweight/obese subjects receiving inactivated bacteria. As for NAFLD, although preclinical studies indicate that postbiotic administration improves different liver markers, no data obtained in humans have been published so far since all the studies are ongoing clinical trials. Finally, while the administration of inactivated bacteria demonstrated to be a promising approach for the management of IR/T2D in rodents, data from clinical trials indicates that in humans, this approach is more effective on IR than in T2D. In conclusion, the available scientific data indicate that postbiotic administration not only is safer, but also as effective as probiotic administration for the management of obesity associated prevalent metabolic alterations.
与代谢综合征相关的高度普遍的合并症，如腹型肥胖、非酒精性脂肪性肝病（NAFLD）和胰岛素抵抗/2型糖尿病（IR/T2D），都存在肠道微生物群组成的改变，这是一个潜在的触发因素。最近的研究关注后生元（灭活益生菌）对这些代谢改变的潜在用途。这篇综述总结了目前关于后生元给药在临床前和临床研究中对肥胖、NAFLD和IR/T2D管理的疗效的证据。临床前研究（啮齿动物）的数据表明，后生元给药可有效预防肥胖，而临床研究也证实了在接受灭活细菌的超重/肥胖受试者中也有这些益处。至于NAFLD，尽管临床前研究表明后生元给药可改善不同的肝脏指标，但由于所有研究都是正在进行的临床试验，目前尚未发表在人类身上获得的数据。最后，虽然灭活细菌的给药被证明是一种在啮齿动物中管理IR/T2D的有前景的方法，但临床试验的数据表明，在人类中，这种方法对IR比对T2D更有效。总之，现有的科学数据表明，后生元给药不仅更安全，而且在管理与肥胖相关的普遍代谢改变方面与益生菌给药一样有效。
