Zhang Fan, Yuan Ying, Xi Beidou, Lu Haojie, Jiang Yu, Hui Kunlong, Tan Wenbing, Wang Hui, Meng Fanhua
State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
Sci Total Environ. 2025 Jan 1;958:177764. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.177764. Epub 2024 Dec 6.
The groundwater environment in the middle and upper reaches of the Yellow River in China has attracted extensive attention. But, the hydrochemistry characteristics and genesis of shallow groundwater in diverse industrial agglomeration areas in typical alluvial plain of the Yellow River are still unknown. In this study, geochemical analysis methods, the positive matrix factorisation model, and the geodetector model were used to multidimensional analyze. The results showed that 78 % of the groundwater samples had high-alkalinity-risk and high-salinity-risk, and the water quality was poor and unsuitable for irrigation. "Very poor" and "undrinkable" samples accounted for 26.31 %. The weathering of calcium magnesium minerals and the dissolution of soluble sulfate were important sources of the main chemical components of the groundwater. However, evaporation and concentration gradually dominated from the inclined plain of the piedmont to the alluvial plain of the Yellow River. Domestic and agricultural activities were important sources of nitrogen species (NO, NO, and NH). The presence of Al, Mn, Zn, and Pb was caused by the production activities of various enterprises. The pollution contributors of natural sources, domestic and agricultural activities, industrial production and other sources were 29.49 %, 17.05 %, 31.41 %, and 22.05 %, respectively. Groundwater velocity and enterprise type were the main factors driving groundwater pollution by these four metal substances. The interaction between enterprise type and groundwater velocity had the greatest influence on the concentrations of Al, Mn, and Zn. Moreover, the interaction between enterprise type and the distance from enterprise had the greatest influence on Pb levels. Overall, groundwater pollution in the study area was the result of both natural and human factors. The findings of this study can offer valuable insights and theoretical support for preventing groundwater pollution in other industrial agglomeration areas in the alluvial plain of the Yellow River.
中国黄河中上游地区的地下水环境已引起广泛关注。但是，黄河典型冲积平原不同产业集聚区浅层地下水的水化学特征及成因仍不清楚。本研究采用地球化学分析方法、正定矩阵因子分解模型和地理探测器模型进行多维分析。结果表明，78%的地下水样品具有高碱度风险和高盐度风险，水质较差，不适宜灌溉。“极差”和“不可饮用”的样品占26.31%。钙镁矿物的风化和可溶性硫酸盐的溶解是地下水中主要化学成分的重要来源。然而，从山前倾斜平原到黄河冲积平原，蒸发浓缩作用逐渐占主导地位。生活和农业活动是氮类物质（NO、NO和NH）的重要来源。Al、Mn、Zn和Pb的存在是由各类企业的生产活动造成的。自然源、生活和农业活动、工业生产等污染源的贡献率分别为29.49%、17.05%、31.41%和22.05%。地下水流速和企业类型是驱动这四种金属物质污染地下水的主要因素。企业类型与地下水流速之间的相互作用对Al、Mn和Zn的浓度影响最大。此外，企业类型与距企业距离之间的相互作用对Pb含量影响最大。总体而言，研究区地下水污染是自然因素和人为因素共同作用的结果。本研究结果可为黄河冲积平原其他产业集聚区预防地下水污染提供有价值的见解和理论支持。
