Qian Mingqing, Sun Weiqiang, Cheng Lin, Wu Yuanyuan, Wang Li, Liu Hui
School of Public Health, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu 233030, PR China.
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Laboratory Medicine, Bengbu Medical University Key Laboratory of Cancer Research and Clinical Laboratory Diagnosis, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu 233030, PR China.
Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol. 2025 Mar;289:110108. doi: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2024.110108. Epub 2024 Dec 7.
Perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) is a perfluoroalkyl acid containing nine carbon chains, with an additional carbon‑fluorine bond that makes it more stable and toxic. Studies have shown that PFNA can harm the reproductive, immune, and nervous systems, as well as many organs, which can increase the risk of cancer. In this study, zebrafish embryos were treated with 0 and 100 μM PFNA for 72 and 96 hpf, and their angiogenesis and haematopoiesis were observed under laser confocal microscopy using Tg (fli1:EGFP) and Tg (gata1:DsRed) transgenic zebrafish. The data showed that PFNA exposure decreased heart rate and slowed blood flow in zebrafish. PFNA was found to inhibit erythropoiesis by O-dianisidine staining. RNA-seq analysis was used to compare gene expression changes in zebrafish from control and 100 μM PFNA-exposed groups at 72 hpf. KEGG results showed significant enrichment of PPAR signaling pathway, fatty acid metabolism, steroid biosynthesis and apoptosis. The RNA-seq results were validated by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). Oil red O staining and Filipin staining showed increased lipid accumulation after PFNA exposure, and TUNEL staining showed that PFNA exposure led to apoptosis. In conclusion, exposure to PFNA may cause toxic effects in zebrafish by affecting cardiovascular development, causing lipid accumulation and promoting apoptosis.
全氟壬酸（PFNA）是一种含有九条碳链的全氟烷基酸，其额外的碳氟键使其更稳定且毒性更强。研究表明，PFNA会损害生殖、免疫和神经系统以及许多器官，进而增加患癌风险。在本研究中，将斑马鱼胚胎分别用0和100μM的PFNA处理72和96小时胚胎发育小时数（hpf），并使用Tg（fli1:EGFP）和Tg（gata1:DsRed）转基因斑马鱼在激光共聚焦显微镜下观察其血管生成和造血情况。数据显示，暴露于PFNA会降低斑马鱼的心率并减缓其血流速度。通过邻联茴香胺染色发现PFNA可抑制红细胞生成。利用RNA测序（RNA-seq）分析比较了72 hpf时对照组和暴露于100μM PFNA组斑马鱼的基因表达变化。京都基因与基因组百科全书（KEGG）结果显示过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体（PPAR）信号通路、脂肪酸代谢、类固醇生物合成和细胞凋亡有显著富集。RNA-seq结果通过实时荧光定量PCR（RT-qPCR）进行了验证。油红O染色和菲律宾菌素染色显示PFNA暴露后脂质积累增加，而末端脱氧核苷酸转移酶介导的缺口末端标记（TUNEL）染色显示PFNA暴露会导致细胞凋亡。总之，暴露于PFNA可能通过影响心血管发育、导致脂质积累和促进细胞凋亡而对斑马鱼产生毒性作用。
