Yuncu Hatice, Nadaroglu Hayrunnisa, Bozkurt Ebru
Department of Nano‑Science and Nano‑Engineering, Institute of Science, Ataturk University, Erzurum 25240, Turkey.
Department of Food Technology, Vocational College of Technical Sciences, Ataturk University, Erzurum 25240, Turkey.
Toxicol Rep. 2024 Nov 22;13:101824. doi: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2024.101824. eCollection 2024 Dec.
In this study, green fluorescent carbon quantum dots (CQDs) with remarkable stability, water solubility, and biocompatibility were synthesized from hazelnut husk (HH) waste material using a novel approach by the pyrolysis method. The optical properties of the synthesized HH-CQDs were characterized by UV-Vis and fluorescence spectroscopy (PL), while their structural properties were characterized using various techniques, including transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). TEM images revealed that HH-CQDs had a spherical shape with diameters ranging from 2 to 10 nm. The fluorescence quantum yield of these CQDs was measured as 0.04. Furthermore, CQDs were very effective at finding aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) using a fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) mechanism, with a clear fluorescence emission peak seen at 451 nm. The photoluminescent properties of CQDs were evaluated under various pH conditions, showing a blue shift and increased fluorescence intensity at pH 9-10, suggesting their potential use in pH-sensitive sensor applications. This study demonstrates the selective and sensitive detection of AFB1 using HH-CQDs, with a strong linear relationship (R² = 0.9936) between fluorescence intensity and AFB1 concentration in the range of 25-250 ppm, and high accuracy in real food samples, including 81.56 % in corn, 98.64 % in milk, and 95.73 % in peanuts. This eco-friendly and cost-effective synthesis method offers a promising alternative for AFB1 detection in food samples by utilizing waste material to create valuable analytical tools.
在本研究中，采用热解法这一新颖方法，从榛子壳（HH）废料中合成了具有卓越稳定性、水溶性和生物相容性的绿色荧光碳量子点（CQD）。通过紫外可见光谱和荧光光谱（PL）对合成的HH-CQD的光学性质进行了表征，同时使用包括透射电子显微镜（TEM）、傅里叶变换红外光谱（FT-IR）、X射线衍射（XRD）和X射线光电子能谱（XPS）在内的各种技术对其结构性质进行了表征。TEM图像显示HH-CQD呈球形，直径范围为2至10纳米。这些CQD的荧光量子产率测得为0.04。此外，CQD通过荧光共振能量转移（FRET）机制在检测黄曲霉毒素B1（AFB1）方面非常有效，在451纳米处可见明显的荧光发射峰。在各种pH条件下对CQD的光致发光性质进行了评估，结果表明在pH 9 - 10时出现蓝移且荧光强度增加，这表明它们在pH敏感传感器应用中具有潜在用途。本研究证明了使用HH-CQD对AFB1进行选择性和灵敏检测，在25至250 ppm范围内荧光强度与AFB1浓度之间具有很强的线性关系（R² = 0.9936），并且在实际食品样品中具有很高的准确度，包括玉米中的81.56%、牛奶中的98.64%和花生中的95.73%。这种环保且经济高效的合成方法通过利用废料制造有价值的分析工具，为食品样品中AFB1的检测提供了一种有前景的替代方法。
