Sikder Sadia, Toha Mohammad, Rahman Md Mostafizur, Sikder Mahmudul Hasan
Department of Environmental Science, Bangladesh University of Professionals Mirpur Cantonment Dhaka 1216 Bangladesh
Laboratory of Environmental Health and Ecotoxicology, Department of Environmental Sciences, Jahangirnagar University Savar Dhaka 1342 Bangladesh.
RSC Adv. 2024 Dec 6;14(52):38547-38559. doi: 10.1039/d4ra06317a. eCollection 2024 Dec 3.
Desalination ensures the provision of potable water to those living in coastal areas, thereby guaranteeing access to safe drinking water. Urbanization and industrialization pollute natural water sources with untreated and partially treated wastewater. International researchers have been searching for cost-effective and environmentally friendly solutions to the above-highlighted difficulties. Developed countries efficiently treat wastewater and desalinate seawater at a minimal expense while reducing nonrenewable energy consumption using microbial desalination cells (MDCs). The use of ion exchange resin-based MDCs is expected to remove salt from seawater and produce bioelectricity. This research aimed to build MDCs with two types of electrodes and determine their efficiency in the desalination of seawater and generation of bioelectricity while treating wastewater. Results showed that MDCs with Zn-Cu and carbon fiber cloth electrodes effectively treated textile and tannery effluents. Calculations encompassed several parameters such as current, voltage, power, current density, power density, desalination efficiency, rate, COD reduction, and TDS reduction. MDCs containing Zn-Cu electrodes generated energy and removed 65% COD and 33% TDS while treating wastewater. The most efficient MDC (Zn-Cu electrode-based MDC) reduced the salinity of seawater by 85%. At the same time, using the carbon fiber cloth electrode-based MDC, about 78% salinity could have been reduced from seawater. The maximum and minimum desalination rates for this experiment were 1.24 and 1.096 ppt per day, respectively. MDCs efficiently desalinated saltwater, treated wastewater, and generated bioelectricity. Therefore, for countries such as Bangladesh, this method is economically viable.
海水淡化确保了向沿海地区居民提供饮用水，从而保证了安全饮用水的供应。城市化和工业化使未经处理和部分处理的废水污染了天然水源。国际研究人员一直在寻找具有成本效益且环境友好的解决方案来应对上述突出难题。发达国家以最低的成本高效处理废水和淡化海水，同时利用微生物脱盐电池（MDC）减少不可再生能源消耗。基于离子交换树脂的MDC有望从海水中去除盐分并产生生物电。本研究旨在构建具有两种电极类型的MDC，并确定它们在海水淡化、生物电生成以及处理废水方面的效率。结果表明，带有锌 - 铜和碳纤维布电极的MDC有效地处理了纺织和制革废水。计算涵盖了多个参数，如电流、电压、功率、电流密度、功率密度、脱盐效率、速率、化学需氧量（COD）降低量和总溶解固体（TDS）降低量。含有锌 - 铜电极的MDC在处理废水时产生了能量，并去除了65%的COD和33%的TDS。效率最高的MDC（基于锌 - 铜电极的MDC）使海水盐度降低了85%。同时，使用基于碳纤维布电极的MDC，海水盐度可降低约78%。本实验的最大和最小脱盐率分别为每天1.24和1.096 ppt。MDC有效地淡化了盐水、处理了废水并产生了生物电。因此，对于孟加拉国等国家来说，这种方法在经济上是可行的。
