Kwan Li Li, Abdul Rashid Anna Misyail, Md Noh Mohamad Syafeeq Faeez, Hoo Fan Kee, Inche Mat Liyana Najwa
Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, MYS.
Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, MYS.
Cureus. 2024 Nov 7;16(11):e73242. doi: 10.7759/cureus.73242. eCollection 2024 Nov.
Moyamoya syndrome (MMS) is characterized by progressive narrowing of intracranial arteries and the development of collateral vessel networks, often presenting with recurrent ischemic or hemorrhagic strokes. MMS poses significant challenges in diagnosis due to its overlapping symptoms with other cerebrovascular conditions. Treatment aims to improve cerebral blood flow, reduce symptom frequency, and prevent future strokes. Management requires a multidisciplinary approach, including medical optimization and potential surgical intervention. This case report discusses a 37-year-old woman with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes and hyperlipidemia who experienced multiple strokes before being diagnosed with MMS. Initial symptoms included intermittent headaches, hemiparesis, and slurred speech. The presence of underlying metabolic conditions led to an initial assumption of atherosclerosis as the primary cause of her strokes. This case underscores the diagnostic challenge of distinguishing MMS from more common vascular conditions, highlighting the need for careful evaluation when typical risk factors like atherosclerosis do not fully explain recurrent cerebrovascular events.
烟雾综合征（MMS）的特征是颅内动脉进行性狭窄和侧支血管网络的形成，常表现为反复缺血性或出血性中风。由于MMS与其他脑血管疾病症状重叠，其诊断面临重大挑战。治疗旨在改善脑血流量、减少症状发作频率并预防未来中风。管理需要多学科方法，包括医学优化和可能的手术干预。本病例报告讨论了一名37岁的女性，患有控制不佳的2型糖尿病和高脂血症，在被诊断为MMS之前经历了多次中风。初始症状包括间歇性头痛、偏瘫和言语不清。潜在代谢疾病的存在导致最初认为动脉粥样硬化是其中风的主要原因。本病例强调了将MMS与更常见血管疾病区分开来的诊断挑战，突出了在动脉粥样硬化等典型危险因素不能完全解释反复脑血管事件时进行仔细评估的必要性。
