Lepers Romuald, Mater Adrien, Assadi Hervé, Zanou Nadège, Gremeaux Vincent, Place Nicolas
Inserm U1093, CAPS Université de Bourgogne, Faculté des Sciences du Sport, Dijon, France.
Institute of Sport Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
Front Physiol. 2024 Nov 22;15:1508642. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1508642. eCollection 2024.
This study examined the physiological effects of 12 weeks of detraining and retraining in a highly trained master triathlete (age 53.8 years).
Variables associated with swimming, cycling, and running performance, including O, peak power output (PPO), gross cycling efficiency (CE), running maximal aerobic velocity (MAV), running economy (RE), muscle strength, and body composition were assessed before the last race of the season (baseline), after 12 weeks of detraining, and after 12 weeks of retraining.
Detraining resulted in a 9.1% and 10.9% decrease in relative O for cycling and running, respectively. PPO and MAV declined by 12.7% and 8.6%, respectively. After detraining, CE decreased by 6.2%, and RE was 22% higher than the baseline. The maximal strength capacity of the knee extensor muscles decreased by an average of 8.2%. Body fat percentage increased from 10.5% to 13.8%, while lean mass decreased by 2.2 kg. After retraining, almost all variables returned to baseline or even slightly increased, except RE and lean mass, which did not return to baseline.
After 12 weeks of detraining, a lifelong master triathlete can regain his cardiorespiratory fitness (i.e., O) with 12 weeks of progressive and structured retraining, but his running economy and lean mass remain slightly depressed.
本研究考察了一名高水平的中年铁人三项运动员（53.8岁）进行12周停训和再训练后的生理效应。
在赛季最后一场比赛前（基线）、12周停训后以及12周再训练后，评估与游泳、自行车和跑步表现相关的变量，包括摄氧量、峰值功率输出（PPO）、总自行车效率（CE）、跑步最大有氧速度（MAV）、跑步经济性（RE）、肌肉力量和身体成分。
停训导致自行车和跑步的相对摄氧量分别下降了9.1%和10.9%。PPO和MAV分别下降了12.7%和8.6%。停训后，CE下降了6.2%，RE比基线高22%。伸膝肌的最大力量能力平均下降了8.2%。体脂百分比从10.5%增加到13.8%，而瘦体重减少了2.2千克。再训练后，除了RE和瘦体重未恢复到基线外，几乎所有变量都恢复到基线甚至略有增加。
经过12周停训后，一名终身从事铁人三项运动的中年运动员通过12周的渐进式结构化再训练可以恢复其心肺适能（即摄氧量），但其跑步经济性和瘦体重仍略有下降。
