Kasapgil Esra, Garay-Sarmiento Manuela, Rodriguez-Emmenegger César
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Bakircay University, Izmir, Turkey.
Bioinspired Interactive Materials and Protocellular Systems Group, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain.
Wiley Interdiscip Rev Nanomed Nanobiotechnol. 2024 Nov-Dec;16(6):e2018. doi: 10.1002/wnan.2018.
Biomaterial-associated infections (BAIs) pose significant challenges in modern medical technologies, being a major postoperative complication and leading cause of implant failure. These infections significantly risk patient health, resulting in prolonged hospitalization, increased morbidity and mortality rates, and elevated treatment expenses. This comprehensive review examines the mechanisms driving bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation on biomaterial surfaces, offering an in-depth analysis of current antimicrobial strategies for preventing BAIs. We explore antimicrobial-eluting biomaterials, contact-killing surfaces, and antifouling coatings, emphasizing the application of antifouling polymer brushes on medical devices. Recent advancements in multifunctional antimicrobial biomaterials, which integrate multiple mechanisms for superior protection against BAIs, are also discussed. By evaluating the advantages and limitations of these strategies, this review aims to guide the design and development of highly efficient and biocompatible antimicrobial biomaterials. We highlight potential design routes that facilitate the transition from laboratory research to clinical applications. Additionally, we provide insights into the potential of synthetic biology as a novel approach to combat antimicrobial resistance. This review aspires to inspire future research and innovation, ultimately improving patient outcomes and advancing medical device technology.
生物材料相关感染（BAIs）在现代医疗技术中构成了重大挑战，是主要的术后并发症和植入物失败的主要原因。这些感染严重威胁患者健康，导致住院时间延长、发病率和死亡率增加以及治疗费用上升。这篇综述全面探讨了生物材料表面细菌粘附和生物膜形成的驱动机制，深入分析了当前预防BAIs的抗菌策略。我们研究了抗菌洗脱生物材料、接触杀灭表面和防污涂层，重点强调了防污聚合物刷在医疗设备上的应用。还讨论了多功能抗菌生物材料的最新进展，这些材料整合了多种机制以提供对BAIs的卓越防护。通过评估这些策略的优缺点，本综述旨在指导高效且生物相容的抗菌生物材料的设计与开发。我们突出了有助于从实验室研究向临床应用转化的潜在设计途径。此外，我们深入探讨了合成生物学作为对抗抗菌耐药性新方法的潜力。本综述旨在激发未来的研究与创新，最终改善患者预后并推动医疗设备技术发展。
