Molecular modeling studies, in vitro antioxidant and antimicrobial assay and BSA affinity of novel benzyl-amine derived scaffolds as CYP51B inhibitors.

New scaffolds derived from benzylamine were prepared, characterized, and tested for their antimicrobial, antioxidant activities and binding interactions with BSA. Structure-activity relationship analysis revealed that compounds incorporating both benzylamine and quinoline or pyridine moieties (specifically 3a and 3d) demonstrated potent antifungal activity, surpassing that of the standard drug Ketoconazole against Penicillium italicum. Molecular docking studies confirmed significant inhibitory activity against the CYP51B enzyme-an essential component of fungal cell walls. In addition, compounds 3h, 3d and 3b displayed promising DPPH radical scavenging activity, indicating its strong potential as an antioxidant source. Thermodynamic parameters of standard antiradical mechanisms confirmed antiradical capacity expressed via formal hydrogen atom transfer (FHT). The results of spectrofluorometric assays and molecular docking studies on the affinity of the tested compounds for the BSA enzyme confirmed that all compounds show significant binding affinity for active site III, with compound 3d demonstrating the highest binding affinity. Key pharmacokinetic parameters were assessed using ADMET analysis, ensuring the viability of these compounds for potential therapeutic applications.