非编码RNA的遗传和表观遗传调控：对癌症转移、干性和耐药性的影响

Dakal Tikam Chand, Philip Reya Rene, Bhushan Ravi, Sonar Priyanka Vijay, Rajagopal Senthilkumar, Kumar Abhishek

Genome and Computational Biology Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, Rajasthan 313001, India.

Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, India.

Pathol Res Pract. 2025 Feb;266:155728. doi: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155728. Epub 2024 Nov 28.

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have a crucial function in the initiation, advancement, and resistance to therapy of tumors. Recent findings indicate that non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), such as microRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), play a complex role in controlling the features of cancer stem cells (CSCs). Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) play a crucial role in controlling important characteristics of stem cells, such as their ability to renew themselves, differentiate into distinct cell types, and resist therapy. This article provides an overview of the current understanding of the complex relationship between non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), namely microRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and cancer stem cells (CSCs). Particular microRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved in regulating important signaling pathways like as Wnt, Notch, and Hedgehog, which control stem cell-like characteristics. The miR-34, miR-200, and let-7 families specifically aim at inhibiting the process of self-renewal and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. On the other hand, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) such as H19, HOTAIR, and MALAT1 play a role in modifying the epigenetic landscape, hence enhancing the characteristics of stemness. This article also offers a thorough examination of the role of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) in regulating cancer stemness, emphasizing their impact on crucial biochemical pathways, epigenetic changes, and therapeutic implications. Comprehending the interaction between non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) and cancer stem cells (CSCs) provides fresh perspectives on possible focused treatments for fighting aggressive and resistant malignancies. Gaining a comprehensive understanding of the connection between non-coding RNA (ncRNA) and cancer stem cells (CSC) offers valuable insights for the development of novel and precise treatments to combat aggressive cancers that are resistant to conventional therapies. In addition, the combination of ncRNA therapies with conventional methods like as chemotherapy or epigenetic medicines could result in synergistic effects. Nevertheless, there are still obstacles to overcome in terms of delivery, effectiveness, and safety. In summary, the interaction between non-coding RNA and cancer stemness shows potential as a targeted treatment approach in the field of precision oncology. This calls for additional investigation and use in clinical settings.

癌症干细胞（CSCs）在肿瘤的起始、进展及对治疗的抵抗中发挥着关键作用。最近的研究发现表明，非编码RNA（ncRNAs），如微小RNA（miRNAs）和长链非编码RNA（lncRNAs），在控制癌症干细胞（CSCs）的特性方面发挥着复杂的作用。非编码RNA（ncRNAs）在控制干细胞的重要特性方面起着关键作用，比如它们自我更新的能力、分化为不同细胞类型的能力以及抵抗治疗的能力。本文概述了目前对非编码RNA（ncRNAs），即微小RNA（miRNAs）和长链非编码RNA（lncRNAs）与癌症干细胞（CSCs）之间复杂关系的理解。特定的微小RNA（miRNAs）和长链非编码RNA（lncRNAs）参与调控诸如Wnt、Notch和Hedgehog等重要信号通路，这些信号通路控制着干细胞样特性。miR - 34、miR - 200和let - 7家族特别旨在抑制自我更新和上皮 - 间质转化过程。另一方面，诸如H19、HOTAIR和MALAT1等长链非编码RNA（lncRNAs）在改变表观遗传格局方面发挥作用，从而增强干性特征。本文还深入探讨了非编码RNA（ncRNAs）在调节癌症干性中的作用，强调了它们对关键生化途径、表观遗传变化及治疗意义的影响。理解非编码RNA（ncRNAs）与癌症干细胞（CSCs）之间的相互作用为对抗侵袭性和耐药性恶性肿瘤的潜在靶向治疗提供了新的视角。全面了解非编码RNA（ncRNA）与癌症干细胞（CSC）之间的联系为开发新型精确治疗方法以对抗对传统疗法耐药的侵袭性癌症提供了有价值的见解。此外，非编码RNA疗法与化疗或表观遗传药物等传统方法的联合可能会产生协同效应。然而，在递送、有效性和安全性方面仍有障碍需要克服。总之，非编码RNA与癌症干性之间的相互作用在精准肿瘤学领域显示出作为靶向治疗方法的潜力。这需要进一步的研究并应用于临床环境。