Bono Rose S, White Augustus M, Imran Rabia, Maldonado Gabrielle T, Lipato Thokozeni, Barnes Andrew J, Cobb Caroline O
Center for the Study of Tobacco Products, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA; Department of Health Policy, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Public Health, Richmond, VA, USA.
Center for the Study of Tobacco Products, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA; Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
Drug Alcohol Depend. 2025 Jan 1;266:112508. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2024.112508. Epub 2024 Nov 28.
Electronic nicotine delivery system (ENDS) product standards for nicotine flux (nicotine emitted/second), combined with limiting puff duration, could control nicotine dose and support ENDS regulations. We assessed behavioral and subjective abuse liability indices for ENDS varying in nicotine flux with fixed puff duration among people who smoke.
This within-subjects study included 32 adults who smoked cigarettes. Own-brand cigarettes (OB) and four unflavored ENDS were evaluated: no-flux (0μg/s), low-flux (36.01μg/s), cigarette-like-flux (90.03μg/s), and high-flux (180.06μg/s), with ENDS puff duration limited to 2s. Outcomes from behavioral economic choice tasks included demand intensity (drug purchase task [DPT]), cross-price elasticity (cross-product DPT), puffs earned (progressive ratio task [PRT]), and breakpoint (cross-product PRT). Subjective effects were nicotine abstinence symptoms (NAS), aversive effects, product liking, and sensation. Condition differences were analyzed using linear mixed models.
All ENDS were associated with significantly lower demand intensity, puffs earned, NAS suppression, and liking compared to OB, yet would serve as OB substitutes. Low-flux ENDS were a significantly stronger OB substitute than cigarette-like-flux ENDS, and were associated with more puffs earned than no and high-flux ENDS. Compared with other ENDS, high-flux ENDS generally reduced NAS more, were less pleasant, tasted worse and produced more intense harshness/irritancy and throat hit.
ENDS abuse liability and substitution potential varies by nicotine dose, which could be controlled via product standards integrating nicotine flux and puff duration. ENDS that exceed a cigarette nicotine dose may not be necessary to encourage transition from cigarettes to ENDS.
电子尼古丁传送系统（ENDS）的尼古丁通量（每秒释放的尼古丁量）产品标准，结合限制抽吸持续时间，可控制尼古丁剂量并支持ENDS相关规定。我们评估了在固定抽吸持续时间下，尼古丁通量不同的ENDS在吸烟者中的行为和主观成瘾可能性指标。
这项受试者内研究纳入了32名成年吸烟者。评估了自有品牌香烟（OB）和四种无味ENDS：无通量（0μg/秒）、低通量（36.01μg/秒）、类似香烟通量（90.03μg/秒）和高通量（180.06μg/秒），ENDS抽吸持续时间限制为2秒。行为经济选择任务的结果包括需求强度（药物购买任务[DPT]）、交叉价格弹性（交叉产品DPT）、获得的抽吸次数（累进比率任务[PRT]）和断点（交叉产品PRT）。主观效应包括尼古丁戒断症状（NAS）、厌恶效应、产品喜好和感觉。使用线性混合模型分析条件差异。
与OB相比，所有ENDS的需求强度、获得的抽吸次数、NAS抑制和喜好程度均显著降低，但可作为OB的替代品。低通量ENDS作为OB替代品的能力明显强于类似香烟通量的ENDS，且与无通量和高通量ENDS相比，获得的抽吸次数更多。与其他ENDS相比，高通量ENDS通常能更有效地减轻NAS，但不太令人愉悦，味道更差，产生的刺激性/不适感和喉部冲击更强。
ENDS的成瘾可能性和替代潜力因尼古丁剂量而异，可通过整合尼古丁通量和抽吸持续时间的产品标准进行控制。超过香烟尼古丁剂量的ENDS对于鼓励从香烟转向ENDS可能并非必要。
