Wang Yanqun, Zang Yu, Zhao Wenxi, Xu Mengxue, Bai Jie, Li Li
State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.
College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.
Front Plant Sci. 2024 Nov 26;15:1510692. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1510692. eCollection 2024.
Harmful algal blooms (HABs) have always been a worldwide environmental issue. The methods based on the principle of allelopathy provide a novel direction for controlling HABs; however, there are a few studies on the application of allelopathic algaecides to control harmful algae in marine environments. Here we examined the algicidal capacity of 15 fruit peel extracts with biological activity on . The results displayed that the mango peel extracts (MPE) showed efficient inhibition on species growth. The algicidal rate reached 93.32 ± 0.56% at 96 h after adding 5 g/L MPE to the culture medium of . Furthermore, we found that the expression of key genes involved in PSII and PSI was downregulated as well as obstructed the electron transportation in the light reaction process and the synthesis of organic matter. The blocked photosynthetic chain induced the accumulation of substantial reactive oxygen species, resulting in severe peroxidation of the membrane lipids. Simultaneously, the expression pattern of key genes involved in the fatty acid, amino acid, and peroxisome breakdown pathways was upregulated, which suggested that the synthesis and decomposition of intracellular organic matter may be in an imbalanced state. The results above indicated that oxidative damage and energy metabolism disequilibrium are two key pathways by which MPE induced algal cell death. Furthermore, several kinds of active substances and their proportion in MPE had been identified by liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. It is speculated that esters may be the important component playing an algicidal effect. However, the specific substance that plays a key role in inhibiting the growth of and the algicidal mechanism remain to be further studied. This study might provide a new direction in the management of HABs in the future.
有害藻华一直是一个全球性的环境问题。基于化感作用原理的方法为控制有害藻华提供了一个新方向；然而，关于化感杀藻剂在海洋环境中控制有害藻类应用的研究较少。在此，我们检测了15种具有生物活性的果皮提取物对[具体藻类名称未给出]的杀藻能力。结果显示，芒果皮提取物（MPE）对[具体藻类名称未给出]的生长表现出高效抑制作用。在向[具体藻类名称未给出]的培养基中添加5 g/L MPE后96小时，杀藻率达到93.32±0.56%。此外，我们发现参与光系统II和光系统I的关键基因的表达下调，同时阻碍了光反应过程中的电子传递以及有机物的合成。光合链的阻断诱导了大量活性氧的积累，导致膜脂严重过氧化。同时，参与脂肪酸、氨基酸和过氧化物酶体分解途径的关键基因的表达模式上调，这表明细胞内有机物的合成和分解可能处于失衡状态。上述结果表明，氧化损伤和能量代谢失衡是MPE诱导藻细胞死亡的两个关键途径。此外，通过液相色谱四极杆飞行时间质谱法已鉴定出MPE中的几种活性物质及其比例。推测酯类可能是发挥杀藻作用的重要成分。然而，在抑制[具体藻类名称未给出]生长中起关键作用的具体物质及其杀藻机制仍有待进一步研究。本研究可能为未来有害藻华的治理提供一个新方向。
