Xue Kai, Zheng Yunxuan, Papalexandrou Christina, Hoogervorst Kelly, Allen Micah, Rahnev Dobromir
School of Psychology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA.
School of Behavioral and Social Sciences, St. Edward's University, Austin, TX, USA.
iScience. 2024 Nov 12;27(12):111375. doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.111375. eCollection 2024 Dec 20.
Prior research has found inconsistent results regarding gender differences in confidence and metacognitive ability. Different studies have shown that men are either more or less confident and have either higher or lower metacognitive abilities than women. However, this research has generally not used well-controlled tasks or used performance-independent measures of metacognitive ability. Here, we test for gender differences in performance, confidence, and metacognitive ability using data from 10 studies from the Confidence Database (total = 1,887, total number of trials = 633,168). We find an absence of strong gender differences in performance and no gender differences in either confidence or metacognitive ability. These results were further confirmed by meta-analyses of the 10 datasets. These findings show that it is unlikely that gender has a strong effect on metacognitive evaluation in low-level perceptual decision-making and suggest that previously observed gender differences in confidence and metacognition are likely domain-specific.
先前的研究在自信和元认知能力的性别差异方面得出了不一致的结果。不同的研究表明，男性在自信程度上要么比女性更高，要么比女性更低，在元认知能力方面也是要么比女性更高，要么比女性更低。然而，这项研究通常没有使用控制良好的任务，也没有使用与表现无关的元认知能力测量方法。在这里，我们使用来自信心数据库的10项研究的数据（总计1887人，试验总数为633168次）来测试表现、自信和元认知能力方面的性别差异。我们发现，在表现方面不存在明显的性别差异，在自信或元认知能力方面也不存在性别差异。对这10个数据集的荟萃分析进一步证实了这些结果。这些发现表明，在低水平感知决策中，性别不太可能对元认知评估产生强烈影响，并表明先前观察到的自信和元认知方面的性别差异可能是特定领域的。
