Kosenkov Artem M, Mal'tseva Valentina N, Maiorov Sergei A, Gaidin Sergei G
Federal Research Center "Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences", Institute of Cell Biophysics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Russian Federation.
Rev Neurosci. 2024 Dec 12;36(4):351-370. doi: 10.1515/revneuro-2024-0114. Print 2025 Jun 26.
Epilepsy is a group of chronic neurological brain disorders characterized by recurrent spontaneous unprovoked seizures, which are accompanied by significant neurobiological, cognitive, and psychosocial impairments. With a global prevalence of approximately 0.5-1 % of the population, epilepsy remains a serious public health concern. Despite the development and widespread use of over 20 anticonvulsant drugs, around 30 % of patients continue to experience drug-resistant seizures, leading to a substantial reduction in quality of life and increased mortality risk. Given the limited efficacy of current treatments, exploring new therapeutic approaches is critically important. In recent years, Gi-protein-coupled receptors, particularly cannabinoid receptors CB1 and CB2, have garnered increasing attention as promising targets for the treatment seizures and prevention of epilepsy. Emerging evidence suggests a significant role of the cannabinoid system in modulating neuronal activity and protecting against hyperexcitability, underscoring the importance of further research in this area. This review provides up-to-date insights into the pathogenesis and treatment of epilepsy, with a special focus on the role of the cannabinoid system, highlighting the need for continued investigation to develop more effective therapeutic strategies.
癫痫是一组慢性神经性脑部疾病，其特征为反复出现自发的、无诱因的癫痫发作，并伴有明显的神经生物学、认知和心理社会功能障碍。癫痫在全球的患病率约为0.5%-1%，仍然是一个严重的公共卫生问题。尽管已经研发并广泛使用了20多种抗惊厥药物，但仍有大约30%的患者持续经历耐药性癫痫发作，导致生活质量大幅下降，死亡风险增加。鉴于当前治疗方法的疗效有限，探索新的治疗方法至关重要。近年来，Gi蛋白偶联受体，尤其是大麻素受体CB1和CB2，作为治疗癫痫发作和预防癫痫的有前景的靶点，受到越来越多的关注。新出现的证据表明，大麻素系统在调节神经元活动和预防过度兴奋方面发挥着重要作用，这凸显了在该领域进一步研究的重要性。本综述提供了关于癫痫发病机制和治疗的最新见解，特别关注大麻素系统的作用，强调需要持续进行研究以开发更有效的治疗策略。
