Jilani Hannah, Intemann Timm, Eiben Gabriele, Lauria Fabio, Lissner Lauren, Michels Nathalie, Molnár Dénes, Moreno Luis A, Pala Valeria, Tornaritis Michael, Veidebaum Toomas, Ahrens Wolfgang, Hebestreit Antje
Institute for Public Health and Nursing Research-IPP, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany.
Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Achterstr. 30, 28359, Bremen, Germany.
Eur J Nutr. 2024 Dec 11;64(1):42. doi: 10.1007/s00394-024-03538-0.
It is assumed that sensory taste perception shapes food choices and impacts dietary intake. However, this has rarely been studied in free living subjects of different age-groups with standardised methods. The present study investigated the association of the ability to rank sweet and fat taste intensities with consumption frequency of sweet and fatty foods in children, adolescents and adults from eight European countries.
In total, 461 children, 421 adolescents and 612 adults from the IDEFICS/I.Family cohort participated in sensory sweet and fat intensity rating tests. Sweet and fatty food consumption frequencies were assessed using a food frequency questionnaire. The association between the ability to rank sweet and fat intensity with sweet and fatty food consumption frequencies was estimated using linear mixed regression models adjusting for weight status, country, sex, age and family affiliation.
Across all age groups, the largest proportion of participants had medium sweet and fat taste intensity ranking abilities. The next largest proportion had low sweet and fat taste intensity rating abilities, while the smallest proportion had high intensity rating abilities to sweet and fat taste. A negative association of sweet and fat taste intensity ranking ability with sweet and fatty food consumption frequencies was found for children. In adolescents, the association was positive. In adults, there was no association.
It seems that the association of taste intensity ratings with food consumption frequencies during adolescence differs from the associations in children and adults. This could be due to hormonal changes during puberty, growth and maturation. Thus, further research focussing on maturation processes in association with taste perception during adolescence may be required.
一般认为，味觉感知会影响食物选择并影响饮食摄入量。然而，很少有研究采用标准化方法对不同年龄组的自由生活个体进行此项研究。本研究调查了来自八个欧洲国家的儿童、青少年和成年人对甜味和脂肪味强度进行排序的能力与甜味和高脂肪食物消费频率之间的关联。
来自IDEFICS/I.Family队列的461名儿童、421名青少年和612名成年人参加了甜味和脂肪味强度评级测试。使用食物频率问卷评估甜味和高脂肪食物的消费频率。使用线性混合回归模型估计对甜味和脂肪味强度进行排序的能力与甜味和高脂肪食物消费频率之间的关联，并对体重状况、国家、性别、年龄和家庭关系进行了调整。
在所有年龄组中，大部分参与者对甜味和脂肪味强度的排序能力中等。其次是对甜味和脂肪味强度评级能力较低的参与者，而对甜味和脂肪味强度评级能力较高的参与者比例最小。研究发现，儿童对甜味和脂肪味强度的排序能力与甜味和高脂肪食物的消费频率呈负相关。在青少年中，这种关联是正相关。在成年人中，则没有关联。
青少年时期味觉强度评级与食物消费频率之间的关联似乎与儿童和成年人不同。这可能是由于青春期、生长和成熟过程中的激素变化所致。因此，可能需要进一步开展研究，重点关注青春期与味觉感知相关的成熟过程。
