Guidelines at a crossroad: comparing European and American guidelines regarding the use of imaging in peripheral vascular arterial disease and aortic disease.

This review examines the differences and similarities between the European and American guidelines concerning the use of imaging in the diagnosis and management of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) and aortic disease. PAD and aortic conditions contribute significantly to global cardiovascular morbidity and mortality; yet, they are often underdiagnosed and undertreated. Imaging plays a critical role in addressing this gap, with the European Society of Cardiology and American Cardiac Society offering different approaches to diagnostic and interventional imaging modalities. The review highlights that while both guidelines endorse duplex ultrasound as the first-line imaging method for PAD, discrepancies arise in the use of advanced modalities such as computed tomography angiography and magnetic resonance angiography. The European guidelines adopts a more conservative approach, reserving these advanced techniques for specific clinical scenarios, whereas the American guidelines places a stronger emphasis on comprehensive imaging for all patients with suspected PAD. The review also compares the guidelines on aortic disease, noting consensus on the role of computed tomography angiography and magnetic resonance angiography for aortic aneurysm diagnosis, but with differences in the emphasis on transoesophageal echocardiography, which is more strongly recommended by the American guidelines for acute cases. The manuscript calls for harmonization of these guidelines to streamline clinical practice and improve patient outcomes.