Shen Yu-Ting, Li Qi, Xu Yu-Xiang, Huang Yan, Wan Yu-Hui, Su Pu-Yu, Tao Fang-Biao, Sun Ying
Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China.
Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Center for Big Data and Population Health of IHM, Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China.
Eur J Nutr. 2024 Dec 12;64(1):44. doi: 10.1007/s00394-024-03557-x.
To investigate the potential associations between unhealthy chrononutrition behaviors (meal timing, frequency, and regularity) and their combined impact on cardiometabolic risk in adolescence.
Chrononutrition behaviors were assessed using a 7-day ecological momentary assessment (EMA). The unhealthy chrononutrition score (ranging from 0 to 8) was determined based on late meal timing, low meal frequency, and meal irregularity. The cardiometabolic (CM)-risk z score was calculated utilizing age- and sex-specific reference values for waist circumference (WC), mean arterial pressure (MAP), homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), triglycerides (TG), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). Restricted cubic splines were employed to estimate the dose-response relationships between the unhealthy chrononutrition score and outcomes.
Among 458 participants [mean (SD) age, 17.9 (0.7) years; 340 (74.2%) Female], 14.3% had an unhealthy chrononutrition score ≥ 6, who exhibited higher MAP (β = 3.86; 95% CI 1.24, 6.47), higher CM-risk scores (β = 1.80; 95% CI 0.70, 2.90), and lower HDL-C (β = 0.18; 95% CI - 0.30, - 0.06), as opposed to those with a healthy score ≤ 2 (n = 136, 31.4%). Moreover, late breakfast (later than 9AM compared to earlier than 8AM), low meal frequency (eating two or fewer meals versus three meals a day), and meal irregularity (score of 3-5 compared to a good score of 6-9) were associated with an increased risk of CM-risk outcomes.
The findings suggest a clustering of unhealthy chrononutrition behaviors that collectively impact cardiometabolic health in adolescence. Further prospective and interventional investigations is necessary to validate these findings and explore the underlying mechanisms.
探讨不健康的时间营养学行为（用餐时间、频率和规律性）及其对青少年心脏代谢风险的综合影响之间的潜在关联。
使用为期7天的生态瞬时评估（EMA）来评估时间营养学行为。不健康的时间营养学得分（范围为0至8）基于用餐时间晚、用餐频率低和用餐不规律来确定。利用年龄和性别特异性的腰围（WC）、平均动脉压（MAP）、胰岛素抵抗稳态模型评估（HOMA-IR）、甘油三酯（TG）和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）参考值计算心脏代谢（CM）风险z评分。采用受限立方样条来估计不健康的时间营养学得分与结果之间的剂量反应关系。
在458名参与者中[平均（标准差）年龄，17.9（0.7）岁；340名（74.2%）为女性]，14.3%的人不健康的时间营养学得分≥6，与健康得分≤2的人（n = 136，31.4%）相比，这些人表现出更高的MAP（β = 3.86；95%置信区间1.24，6.47）、更高的CM风险评分（β = 1.80；95%置信区间0.70，2.90）和更低的HDL-C（β = 0.18；95%置信区间 - 0.30， - 0.06）。此外，早餐晚（与上午8点之前相比在上午9点之后）、用餐频率低（每天吃两餐或更少餐与三餐相比）和用餐不规律（得分为3 - 5与良好得分6 - 9相比）与CM风险结果风险增加相关。
研究结果表明不健康的时间营养学行为聚集在一起，共同影响青少年的心脏代谢健康。需要进一步的前瞻性和干预性研究来验证这些发现并探索潜在机制。
