Uncommon presentation of an acute appendicitis caused by Enterobius vermicularis in an adult.

Enterobius vermicularis is the most common parasitic infection in temperate and cold climates, affecting populations in both developing and developed countries. Although typically asymptomatic, it can lead to acute appendicitis, a relationship that has been a subject of debate. Therefore, we present a case of acute appendicitis induced by E. vermicularis in an adult patient and provide a comprehensive review of the current literature. A 21-year-old man presented with acute right lower quadrant abdominal pain consistent with acute appendicitis. Laboratory and imaging studies supported the diagnosis. A subsequent laparoscopic appendectomy revealed the presence of E. vermicularis within the appendiceal lumen, confirming parasitic involvement. Postoperative management included anthelmintic therapy, resulting in an uneventful recovery. Acute appendicitis is commonly recognized as a primary cause of lower abdominal pain, while the potential contribution of parasitic infestation remains subject to debate. E. vermicularis has been implicated in some cases. Diagnosis of acute appendicitis caused by pinworms typically involves direct visualization of the parasite or microscopic detection of eggs, with treatment consisting of surgical removal and anthelmintic therapy. It is essential to consider parasitic infestation in the differential diagnosis of appendicitis for proper diagnosis and appropriate management.