Ecker Ullrich K H, Tay Li Qian, Roozenbeek Jon, van der Linden Sander, Cook John, Oreskes Naomi, Lewandowsky Stephan
School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia.
School of Medicine and Psychology, Australian National University.
Am Psychol. 2024 Dec 12. doi: 10.1037/amp0001448.
Recent academic debate has seen the emergence of the claim that misinformation is not a significant societal problem. We argue that the arguments used to support this minimizing position are flawed, particularly if interpreted (e.g., by policymakers or the public) as suggesting that misinformation can be safely ignored. Here, we rebut the two main claims, namely that misinformation is not of substantive concern (a) due to its low incidence and (b) because it has no causal influence on notable political or behavioral outcomes. Through a critical review of the current literature, we demonstrate that (a) the prevalence of misinformation is nonnegligible if reasonably inclusive definitions are applied and that (b) misinformation has causal impacts on important beliefs and behaviors. Both scholars and policymakers should therefore continue to take misinformation seriously. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
最近的学术辩论中出现了一种观点，即错误信息不是一个重大的社会问题。我们认为，用于支持这种淡化立场的论点存在缺陷，尤其是如果（例如被政策制定者或公众）解读为暗示错误信息可以被安全地忽视。在此，我们反驳两个主要观点，即错误信息（a）因其发生率低而不值得实质性关注，以及（b）因为它对显著的政治或行为结果没有因果影响。通过对当前文献的批判性回顾，我们证明（a）如果应用合理包容的定义，错误信息的流行程度不可忽视，并且（b）错误信息对重要的信念和行为有因果影响。因此，学者和政策制定者都应该继续认真对待错误信息。（PsycInfo数据库记录（c）2024美国心理学会，保留所有权利）
