Ahmad Abrar, Rabbani Gulam, Hosawi Salman, Baothman Othman A, Altayeb Hisham, Akhtar Muhammad Shahid Nadeem, Ahmad Varish, Khan Mohsin Vahid
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21452, Saudi Arabia.
IT-Medical Fusion Center, 350-27 Gumidae-ro, Gumi-si, Gyeongbuk 39253, Republic of Korea.
Int J Biol Macromol. 2025 Feb;289:138640. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.138640. Epub 2024 Dec 10.
Early detection of cancer biomarkers is crucial for effective diagnosis and treatment, prompting the development of an ultrasensitive label-free electrochemical immunosensor. In this study, we fabricated an ultrasensitive label-free electrochemical immunosensor using a glassy carbon electrode/gold nanoparticles (GCE/AuNPs) modification for quantification of osteopontin (OPN), an oncomarker. The surface features of the modified electrodes were confirmed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) methods. The electrochemical behavior of the bare and modified electrode was characterized using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The quantification of the OPN antigen was achieved through the differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) method. The fabricated immunosensor demonstrated excellent detection capabilities in both commercial serum samples and phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). It showed sensitive quantification of OPN in the range of 0.001 to 1000 ng/mL with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.005 ng/mL in PBS. Furthermore, the immunosensor retained approximately 89.3 % of its initial signal after storage for up to 8 weeks. The results were validated by detecting OPN-spiked commercial serum samples with a satisfactory recovery rate. The potential of this immunosensor makes it suitable for assaying OPN in real cancer patient's serum samples with minimal interference from complex sample matrices.
癌症生物标志物的早期检测对于有效诊断和治疗至关重要，这促使了一种超灵敏无标记电化学免疫传感器的开发。在本研究中，我们使用玻碳电极/金纳米颗粒（GCE/AuNPs）修饰制备了一种超灵敏无标记电化学免疫传感器，用于定量检测骨桥蛋白（OPN），一种肿瘤标志物。使用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和X射线光电子能谱（XPS）方法确认了修饰电极的表面特征。使用循环伏安法（CV）和电化学阻抗谱（EIS）对裸电极和修饰电极的电化学行为进行了表征。通过差分脉冲伏安法（DPV）实现了OPN抗原的定量。所制备的免疫传感器在商业血清样品和磷酸盐缓冲盐水（PBS）中均表现出优异的检测能力。它在PBS中对OPN的检测范围为0.001至1000 ng/mL，检测限（LOD）为0.005 ng/mL，具有灵敏的定量能力。此外，该免疫传感器在储存长达8周后仍保留了约89.3%的初始信号。通过检测添加了OPN的商业血清样品，回收率令人满意，验证了结果。这种免疫传感器的潜力使其适用于在实际癌症患者血清样品中检测OPN，且受复杂样品基质的干扰最小。
