Reikvam Håkon, Hatfield Kimberley, Sandnes Miriam, Bruserud Øystein
Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
Division for Hematology, Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.
Expert Rev Clin Immunol. 2025 Mar;21(3):305-321. doi: 10.1080/1744666X.2024.2441246. Epub 2024 Dec 18.
Acute graft versus host disease (aGVHD) is a potentially lethal complication after allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Biomarkers are used to estimate the risk of aGVHD and evaluate response to treatment. The most widely used biomarkers are systemic levels of various protein mediators involved in immunoregulation or reflecting tissue damage. However, systemic levels of other molecular markers such as nucleic acids or metabolites, levels of immunocompetent cells or endothelial cell markers may also be useful biomarkers in aGVHD.
This review is based on selected articles from the PubMed database. We review and discuss the scientific basis for further studies to evaluate nucleic acids, metabolites, circulating immunocompetent cell subsets or endothelial markers as biomarkers in aGVHD.
A wide range of interacting and communicating cells are involved in the complex pathogenesis of aGVHD. Both nucleic acids and metabolites function as soluble mediators involved in communication between various subsets of immunocompetent cells and between immunocompetent cells and other neighboring cells. Clinical and experimental studies suggest that both neutrophils, monocytes, and endothelial cells are involved in the early stages of aGVHD pathogenesis. In our opinion, the possible clinical use of these molecular and cellular biomarkers warrants further investigation.
急性移植物抗宿主病（aGVHD）是异基因干细胞移植后一种潜在的致命并发症。生物标志物用于评估aGVHD的风险并评估治疗反应。最广泛使用的生物标志物是参与免疫调节或反映组织损伤的各种蛋白质介质的全身水平。然而，其他分子标志物如核酸或代谢物的全身水平、免疫活性细胞水平或内皮细胞标志物也可能是aGVHD中有用的生物标志物。
本综述基于从PubMed数据库中挑选的文章。我们回顾并讨论了进一步研究的科学依据，以评估核酸、代谢物、循环免疫活性细胞亚群或内皮标志物作为aGVHD生物标志物的情况。
多种相互作用和相互沟通的细胞参与了aGVHD复杂的发病机制。核酸和代谢物均作为可溶性介质，参与免疫活性细胞各亚群之间以及免疫活性细胞与其他相邻细胞之间的沟通。临床和实验研究表明，中性粒细胞、单核细胞和内皮细胞均参与aGVHD发病机制的早期阶段。我们认为，这些分子和细胞生物标志物的潜在临床应用值得进一步研究。
