Niyazmand Hamed, Jeyakumar Vibu, Feng Ian, Jansen Lisa, Mahindra Anson, Menage Amy, Alam Khyber
Division of Optometry, School of Allied Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
Optom Vis Sci. 2025 Jan 1;102(1):7-13. doi: 10.1097/OPX.0000000000002203. Epub 2024 Dec 13.
Myopia prevalence has increased over the last few decades. Studies have documented that the choroid is considered an important biomarker in myopia development. As myopia and choroidal thinning are associated with increased glaucoma risk, understanding the role of the choroid in myopia and glaucoma is imperative.
This study investigates the effect of transiently elevated intraocular pressure on axial length, subfoveal choroidal thickness, and central retinal thickness in emmetropes, low myopes, and high myopes.
This study involved 29 young adults (23 ± 1 years), including 10 emmetropes (-0.50 D < SE < +0.50 D), 10 low myopes (-6.00 D < SE ≤ -0.50 D), and 9 high myopes (SE ≤ -6.00 D). Participants were fitted with modified swimming goggles for 5 minutes to transiently change intraocular pressure. Noncontact tonometry, optical biometry, and optical coherence tomography were used to measure intraocular pressure, axial length, central retinal thickness, and subfoveal choroidal thickness, respectively. Measurements were taken at before, during goggle wear, immediately after, and 3 minutes after goggles removal. Repeated-measures analysis of variance with Bonferroni adjustment was used to assess the effect of transiently changed intraocular pressure and to elucidate any differences between refractive groups in response to the intraocular pressure change.
Intraocular pressure increased by 1.7 ± 2.1 mmHg (p=0.002) from baseline, accompanied by axial elongation of 14 ± 21 μm (p = 0.012) and subfoveal choroidal thinning of 13 ± 15 μm (p=0.01). However, central retinal thickness did not change significantly (p>0.05). Most of the changes in the axial length were due to changes in the choroidal thickness. Observed changes returned to baseline immediately following goggles removal. There was no significant difference between refractive error groups' changes associated with the transient increase in intraocular pressure (p>0.05).
Transiently increased intraocular pressure caused temporary axial elongation and subfoveal choroidal thinning, with no significant differences between refractive groups. Further studies are required to assess the impact of long-term increased intraocular pressure on ocular components.
在过去几十年中，近视患病率有所上升。研究表明脉络膜被认为是近视发展中的一个重要生物标志物。由于近视和脉络膜变薄与青光眼风险增加相关，因此了解脉络膜在近视和青光眼中的作用至关重要。
本研究调查了短暂性眼压升高对正视眼、低度近视眼和高度近视眼的眼轴长度、黄斑中心凹下脉络膜厚度和中央视网膜厚度的影响。
本研究纳入了29名年轻成年人（23±1岁），包括10名正视眼（-0.50 D＜球镜等效度＜+0.50 D）、10名低度近视眼（-6.00 D＜球镜等效度≤-0.50 D）和9名高度近视眼（球镜等效度≤-6.00 D）。参与者佩戴改良的游泳镜5分钟以短暂改变眼压。分别使用非接触眼压计、光学生物测量仪和光学相干断层扫描来测量眼压、眼轴长度、中央视网膜厚度和黄斑中心凹下脉络膜厚度。在佩戴泳镜前、佩戴期间、刚取下后以及取下后3分钟进行测量。采用重复测量方差分析并进行Bonferroni校正，以评估短暂性眼压变化的影响，并阐明屈光组之间对眼压变化反应的任何差异。
眼压较基线升高了1.7±2.1 mmHg（p = 0.002），同时眼轴伸长了14±21μm（p = 0.012），黄斑中心凹下脉络膜变薄了13±15μm（p = 0.01）。然而，中央视网膜厚度没有显著变化（p＞0.05）。眼轴长度的大部分变化是由于脉络膜厚度的变化。取下泳镜后，观察到的变化立即恢复到基线水平。屈光不正组与短暂性眼压升高相关的变化之间没有显著差异（p＞0.05）。
短暂性眼压升高导致暂时性眼轴伸长和黄斑中心凹下脉络膜变薄，屈光组之间无显著差异。需要进一步研究来评估长期眼压升高对眼部结构的影响。
