Kouass Sahbani Saloua
Faculty of Applied Medical Science Al Ula branch, Department of Nursing, Taibah University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, J1H 5N4, Canada; Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, Carthage University, Tunisia.
J Genet Eng Biotechnol. 2024 Dec;22(4):100425. doi: 10.1016/j.jgeb.2024.100425. Epub 2024 Sep 7.
It is beyond doubt that radiotherapy is extremely effective in treating a wide variety of cancers. The sensitivity of the surrounding normal tissues limits the amount of radiation administered to the tumor. There is an urgent need to develop a treatment that combines pharmacological treatment with ionizing radiation (IR) specifically designed to specifically target cancer cells while protecting the surrounding normal tissue, resulting in an increase in the efficacy of the cancer treatment. IR could cause many types of DNA lesions. Double-strand breaks (DSBs) andlocally multiple damaged sites (LMDS)arethe main radiotoxic damages.Recently, the identification of new antioxidants from natural sources has attracted the attention of scientists. In this context, the present study aims to determine if the Opuntia ficus indica cladode extract (CE) can be used as a radioprotector.
The DNA treated by Cs γ-radiation (25-700 Gy) in the absence or presence of cactus cladode extract (CCE) was added to theE. colibase excision repair. The amounts of both DNA damages were calculated using the electrophoretic method.
The irradiation of DNA in the presence of CCE induced a dramatic decrease of the yields of purine and pyrimidine-DSB. A decrease of65 % and 84 % of the purine and pyrimidine-DSB sensitive sites have been calculated, respectively, when the sample added CCE3 during the radiotreatment. Moreover, a reduction of 80 % in the amount of Nth + Fpg-DSB SSs (non-DSB cluster damage) after γ-irradiation in the presence of CCE3 was observed.
Through the present it was found that the CCE can play an important role as a radio protector, maybe by scavenging the ROS formed during radio treatment or by other unknown pathways. The most toxic DNA lesions (DSBs, and LMDS) decreased dramatically. Studies aimed at obtaining more documentation about CCE components with potential radio-preventive activity are desirable because of their protective properties.
毫无疑问，放射疗法在治疗多种癌症方面极为有效。周围正常组织的敏感性限制了给予肿瘤的辐射量。迫切需要开发一种将药物治疗与专门设计用于特异性靶向癌细胞同时保护周围正常组织的电离辐射（IR）相结合的治疗方法，从而提高癌症治疗的疗效。IR可导致多种类型的DNA损伤。双链断裂（DSB）和局部多个损伤位点（LMDS）是主要的放射毒性损伤。最近，从天然来源鉴定新的抗氧化剂引起了科学家的关注。在此背景下，本研究旨在确定仙人掌肉质茎提取物（CE）是否可作为辐射防护剂。
在存在或不存在仙人掌肉质茎提取物（CCE）的情况下，经Csγ辐射（25 - 700 Gy）处理的DNA被添加到大肠杆菌碱基切除修复中。使用电泳方法计算两种DNA损伤的量。
在CCE存在下对DNA进行辐照导致嘌呤和嘧啶 - DSB产量显著降低。当样品在放射治疗期间添加CCE3时，分别计算出嘌呤和嘧啶 - DSB敏感位点减少了65%和84%。此外，在存在CCE3的情况下进行γ辐照后，观察到Nth + Fpg - DSB SSs（非DSB簇损伤）的量减少了80%。
通过本研究发现，CCE可作为辐射防护剂发挥重要作用，可能是通过清除放射治疗期间形成的ROS或通过其他未知途径。毒性最大的DNA损伤（DSB和LMDS）显著减少。鉴于其保护特性，开展旨在获取更多关于具有潜在放射预防活性的CCE成分文献的研究是很有必要的。
