Abdillah Abdourahim, Ravaux Isabelle, Mokhtari Saadia, Ranque Stéphane
Aix-Marseille Université, SSA, AP-HM, RITMES, Marseille, France.
IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.
Med Mycol. 2024 Dec 27;63(1). doi: 10.1093/mmy/myae120.
Malassezia species are lipid-dependent yeasts of the normal skin mycobiota in humans and some animals. Yet, both the dynamic of Malassezia skin colonization and the associated fungal and bacterial skin microbiome remain unknown in HIV+ patients. This study aimed to compare Malassezia yeast community structure and associated microbiome on the healthy skin of HIV+ patients and healthy controls. A total of 23 HIV+ patients and 10 healthy controls were included and followed-up for a maximum of 5 visits over 10-17 months. At each visit, chest, face, nasolabial fold, and scalp skin samples were subjected to both culture and MALDI-TOF MS identification, and ITS/16S metabarcoding. The participants were categorized according to their Malassezia colony forming unit (CFU) abundance. Malassezia were cultured from each participant at each visit. HIV+ patients were highly colonized on all visits with CFU > 100. Malassezia sympodialis and M. globosa were the most dominant species. Malassezia furfur and M. dermatis were more prevalent in HIV+ than in healthy participants. Malassezia sympodialis prevalence was stable at each sampling sites over time. Malassezia furfur prevalence was stable and more abundant over time on HIV+ patients' chest. The metabarcoding analysis suggested a higher fungal and bacterial diversity and an increased abundance of Cladosporium halotolerans and Streptococcus in HIV+ patients than in controls. Overall, HIV+ patients display a high skin colonization by Malassezia yeasts and a dysbiosis of both fungal and bacterial communities.
马拉色菌属是人类和一些动物正常皮肤微生物群中依赖脂质的酵母。然而，HIV阳性患者中马拉色菌皮肤定植的动态以及相关的真菌和细菌皮肤微生物群仍然未知。本研究旨在比较HIV阳性患者和健康对照者健康皮肤上的马拉色酵母菌群落结构及相关微生物群。共纳入23例HIV阳性患者和10名健康对照者，并在10 - 17个月内进行了最多5次随访。每次随访时，采集胸部、面部、鼻唇沟和头皮皮肤样本进行培养和MALDI - TOF MS鉴定，以及ITS/16S宏条形码分析。根据马拉色菌菌落形成单位（CFU）丰度对参与者进行分类。每次随访时均从每位参与者身上培养出马拉色菌。HIV阳性患者在所有随访中CFU均>100，高度定植。合轴马拉色菌和球形马拉色菌是最主要的菌种。糠秕马拉色菌和皮肤马拉色菌在HIV阳性患者中比在健康参与者中更普遍。合轴马拉色菌在每个采样部位的患病率随时间稳定。糠秕马拉色菌在HIV阳性患者胸部的患病率随时间稳定且更为丰富。宏条形码分析表明，与对照组相比，HIV阳性患者的真菌和细菌多样性更高，耐盐枝孢菌和链球菌的丰度增加。总体而言，HIV阳性患者表现出马拉色酵母菌的高皮肤定植以及真菌和细菌群落的生态失调。
