Warner Bruce, Thornley Tracey, Anderson Claire, Avery Anthony
Honorary Professor of Pharmacy Policy and Practice, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK.
Professor of Health Policy, Division of Pharmacy Practice & Policy, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK.
Health Policy. 2025 Feb;152:105223. doi: 10.1016/j.healthpol.2024.105223. Epub 2024 Dec 4.
Independent prescribing is set to expand amongst community pharmacists in England in the next few years. This study aims to explore the different accountabilities and responsibilities associated with independent prescribing compared to more traditional pharmacist roles.
To inform commissioning frameworks that will allow independent prescribing by community pharmacists to be commissioned safely and appropriately at scale.
DESIGN/METHODOLOGY: A series of qualitative semi-structured interviews were undertaken with key stakeholders. Interviews were analysed using thematic analysis, and over-arching themes developed from emergent findings.
This study identified three themes, supported by twelve sub-themes, associated with pharmacist independent prescribing being viewed positively. Those three themes were 'self', 'environmen't and 'competence'. Whilst pharmacists are well placed through their initial education and training to undertake a prescribing role, we found that there are perceived differences in responsibility between a prescribing and a non-prescribing role, attitude towards risk and the training and support needed to adapt to those changes. These differences are explored leading to a series of overarching themes and recommendations, including that ongoing support is critical and should be built into commissioning frameworks, that newly qualified prescribers need to start prescribing immediately after qualifying and that experiential learning should be built into all training programmes.
在未来几年，英格兰社区药剂师的独立处方权将有所扩大。本研究旨在探讨与独立处方权相关的不同问责制和职责，相较于更传统的药剂师角色。
为委托框架提供信息，以便能够安全且适当地大规模委托社区药剂师进行独立处方。
设计/方法：对关键利益相关者进行了一系列定性半结构化访谈。使用主题分析法对访谈进行分析，并从新出现的研究结果中提炼出总体主题。
本研究确定了三个主题，并得到十二个次主题的支持，这些主题与药剂师独立处方受到积极看待有关。这三个主题分别是“自我”“环境”和“能力”。虽然药剂师通过初始教育和培训具备承担处方角色的良好条件，但我们发现，处方角色与非处方角色在责任、对风险的态度以及适应这些变化所需的培训和支持方面存在认知差异。对这些差异进行了探讨，得出了一系列总体主题和建议，包括持续支持至关重要，应纳入委托框架；新获得资格的开处方者在获得资格后应立即开始开处方；经验学习应纳入所有培训计划。
