Luo Zhewen, Chen Haoran, Bi Xinyuan, Ye Jian
Sixth People's Hospital, School of Medicine & School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, PR China.
Sixth People's Hospital, School of Medicine & School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, PR China; Institute of Medical Robotics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, PR China; Shanghai Jiao Tong University Sichuan Research Institute, Chengdu 610213, PR China.
Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2025 Feb;217:115483. doi: 10.1016/j.addr.2024.115483. Epub 2024 Dec 13.
Monitoring the kinetic changes of drugs and metabolites plays a crucial role in fundamental research, preclinical and clinical application. Raman spectroscopy (RS) is regarded as a fingerprinting technique that can reflect molecular structures but limited in applications due to poor sensitivity. Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) significantly amplifies the detection sensitivity by plasmonic substrates, facilitating the identification and quantification of small molecules in biological samples, such as serum, urine, and living cells. This review will focus on advances in how SERS has been utilized to monitor the dynamic processes of small molecule drugs and metabolites in recent years. We first provide readers with a comprehensive overview of the mechanism and practical considerations of SERS, including enhancement theory, substrate design, sample pretreatment, molecule-substrate interactions and spectral analysis. Then we describe the latest advances in SERS for the detection and analysis of metabolites and drugs in cells, dynamic monitoring of drug in various biological matrices, and metabolic profiling for health assessment in biological fluids. We believe that high-performance SERS substrates, standardized technical regulations, and artificial intelligence spectral analysis will boost sensitive, accurate, reproducible, and universal molecular detection in the future. We hoped this review could inspire researchers working in related fields to better understand and utilize SERS for the analytical detection of drugs and metabolites.
监测药物及其代谢物的动力学变化在基础研究、临床前和临床应用中起着至关重要的作用。拉曼光谱（RS）被视为一种能够反映分子结构的指纹技术，但由于灵敏度较差，其应用受到限制。表面增强拉曼光谱（SERS）通过等离子体基底显著提高了检测灵敏度，便于对生物样品（如血清、尿液和活细胞）中的小分子进行鉴定和定量。本综述将聚焦于近年来SERS在监测小分子药物及其代谢物动态过程方面的进展。我们首先为读者全面概述SERS的机制及实际考量因素，包括增强理论、基底设计、样品预处理、分子与基底相互作用以及光谱分析。接着我们描述了SERS在细胞内代谢物和药物检测分析、各种生物基质中药物的动态监测以及生物流体健康评估代谢谱分析方面的最新进展。我们相信，高性能SERS基底、标准化技术规范以及人工智能光谱分析将在未来推动灵敏、准确、可重现且通用的分子检测。我们希望本综述能够激发相关领域的研究人员更好地理解和利用SERS进行药物及代谢物的分析检测。
