Maternal underestimations and overestimations of their infants' word comprehension: effects on mothers' verbal input and infants' receptive vocabulary.

Infants' language is often measured indirectly via parent reports, but mothers may underestimate or overestimate their infants' word comprehension. The current study examined estimations of mothers from diverse educational backgrounds regarding their infants' word comprehension and how these estimations are associated with their verbal input and infants' receptive vocabulary at 14 months. We compared 34 infants' looking-while-listening (LWL) performances with the mothers' Turkish Communicative Development Inventory (TCDI) reports to calculate the mothers' overestimation and underestimation. During free-play sessions, we assessed the mothers' number of words, number of clauses, lexical diversity, and linguistic complexity. We found that mothers have overestimations and underestimations regardless of their educational background. Crucially, mothers' only overestimations were positively associated with their number of words and lexical diversity. Mothers' verbal input was not related to infants' receptive vocabulary scores. The findings suggest that mothers' input might be aligned with their estimations of their infants' language capabilities, which might not reflect the infants' true performance.