Vrijmoed-de Vries M C, Cools A R
Exp Neurol. 1985 Jan;87(1):58-75. doi: 10.1016/0014-4886(85)90133-5.
This study describes the short-term effects of intracaudate microinjections of carbachol in temporarily isolated and restrained Java monkeys. The monkeys were found to display a series of motor disturbances including blepharoptosis, facial twitches, tongue protrusions, ear flattening, torticollis, and compulsive alternations of rapid flexions and extensions of the extremities. In general, carbachol was found to produce consistent effects as far as it concerns its ability to elicit motor disturbances. Three of the five tested monkeys had previously received another series of carbachol injections when they were freely moving and living in a stabilized social group. Accordingly, the present study enabled us to compare the effectiveness of threshold doses of carbachol in the same monkey in two distinct situations. We concluded first, that motor disturbances and disturbances in social communication were closely coupled in relation to the involvement of a particular cholinoceptive substrate within the caudate nucleus of Java monkeys. Second, the motor disturbances under study appeared to require a larger degree of dysfunctioning of this substrate than did subtle disturbances in the social communication of these monkeys. And, finally, stress inherent to restraint increased the susceptibility of the cholinoceptive substrate within the caudate nucleus. The clinical impact of our findings is discussed in view of differences between the premorbid and manifest phases of Parkinson's disease.
本研究描述了向暂时隔离并受限的爪哇猴尾状核内微量注射卡巴胆碱的短期效应。发现这些猴子表现出一系列运动障碍，包括上睑下垂、面部抽搐、伸舌、耳部 flattening、斜颈以及四肢快速屈伸的强迫性交替动作。总体而言，就其引发运动障碍的能力而言，发现卡巴胆碱会产生一致的效应。五只受试猴子中有三只此前在自由活动且生活在稳定社会群体中时接受过另一系列的卡巴胆碱注射。因此，本研究使我们能够比较同一猴子在两种不同情况下卡巴胆碱阈剂量的有效性。我们首先得出结论，运动障碍和社会交流障碍在爪哇猴尾状核内特定胆碱能感受底物的参与方面密切相关。其次，所研究的运动障碍似乎比这些猴子社会交流中的细微障碍需要该底物更大程度的功能失调。最后，限制所固有的应激增加了尾状核内胆碱能感受底物的易感性。鉴于帕金森病病前阶段和明显阶段的差异，讨论了我们研究结果的临床影响。 （注：原文中“ear flattening”未准确释义，推测可能是“耳部变平”之类意思，需结合专业知识进一步明确准确含义）
