Zach Sima, Davidovitz Maayan, Cohen Rona
Levinsky-Wingate Academic College, Wingate Campus, Netanya, Israel.
School of Education, The Lester and Sally Entin Faculty of Humanities, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
Front Sports Act Living. 2024 Nov 28;6:1468534. doi: 10.3389/fspor.2024.1468534. eCollection 2024.
Despite evidence that sports arenas are grooming ground for sexual harassment, consensus is still lacking what this term constitutes. The aim of this study is to examine how athletes of different levels and non-athletes perceive sexual harassment in sports through the lens of the Institutional Theory.
Hundred and thirty pre-service physical education teachers (competitive and non-competitive athletes) and 53 Olympic athletes, rated 27 items divided into four levels of sexual harassment regarding men coaches' behaviors towards women athletes, on a scale of 1 (does not constitute sexual harassment) to 4 (constitutes sexual harassment to a great extent).
Non-Olympic athletes rated the behaviors as constituting sexual harassment to a greater degree than Olympic athletes, in all categories, as did women participants compared to man. Both genders rated as the most severe factor followed by , yet the more competitive the athletes, the less they perceived such behaviors as disturbing. The factor was rated as the least disturbing, with women rating it as less disturbing than men.
The study underscores the ambiguity surrounding the definition of sexual harassment in sports, emphasizing the necessity for clear boundaries to establish acceptable behavior. Such clarity is essential to ensure that all athletes feel safe within the sporting environment. It emphasizes the importance of zero tolerance for all harassing behaviors, regardless of severity, and the implementation of comprehensive policies and training programs in sport organizations. Moving forward, promoting respect, safety, and awareness, along with ongoing research and evaluation, are crucial for creating inclusive and safe sporting environments.
尽管有证据表明体育场馆是性骚扰的滋生地，但对于这一术语的构成仍缺乏共识。本研究的目的是通过制度理论的视角，考察不同水平的运动员和非运动员如何看待体育领域的性骚扰。
130名职前体育教师（竞技和非竞技运动员）和53名奥运选手，对27个项目进行评分，这些项目分为男性教练对女性运动员的性骚扰的四个级别，评分范围为1（不构成性骚扰）至4（在很大程度上构成性骚扰）。
在所有类别中，非奥运选手比奥运选手更倾向于将这些行为视为构成性骚扰，女性参与者比男性参与者也是如此。两性都将[具体因素1]评为最严重的因素，其次是[具体因素2]，然而运动员的竞技水平越高，他们就越不认为这些行为令人不安。[具体因素3]被评为最不令人不安的因素，女性认为它比男性更不令人不安。
该研究强调了体育中性骚扰定义的模糊性，强调了明确界定可接受行为界限的必要性。这种明确性对于确保所有运动员在体育环境中感到安全至关重要。它强调了对所有骚扰行为零容忍的重要性，无论其严重程度如何，以及在体育组织中实施全面的政策和培训计划的重要性。展望未来，促进尊重、安全和意识，以及持续的研究和评估，对于创造包容和安全的体育环境至关重要。
