Ginosar Yaari Shir, Katsoty Dana, Bardi Anat, Barni Daniela, Skimina Ewa, Cieciuch Jan, Lönnqvist Jan-Erik, Verkasalo Markku J, Knafo-Noam Ariel
Department of Psychology, Hebrew University of Jerusalem.
Department of Psychology, Royal Holloway, University of London.
J Pers Soc Psychol. 2025 Feb;128(2):335-366. doi: 10.1037/pspi0000482. Epub 2024 Dec 16.
Why do people not perceive their close others accurately, although they have ample information about them? We propose that one reason for such errors may be bias based on personal values. Personal values may serve as schemas defining what people see as positive, and thus affect perceptions of others' behavior, values, and traits. We propose that, in close relationships, people see others as sharing their own values. Six studies ( = 2,225; four preregistered analyses and one preregistered study) tested this bias. Perceivers reported their personal values and the perceived values, behaviors, or traits of a close other (target), while the target also reported on the same values, behaviors, or traits. Personal values significantly and positively related to perception of close others' values and behaviors, while controlling for the real targets' value/behavior. Results were replicated for spouses, romantic partners, children, parents, and friends. Some evidence also supports the idea that the bias is stronger for relationships of better quality. Implications for relationship quality are discussed, as well as implications for the adaptive properties of this bias. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).
为什么人们尽管对身边亲近的人有充分的了解，却不能准确地感知他们呢？我们认为，产生这种错误的一个原因可能是基于个人价值观的偏见。个人价值观可能充当了一种模式，定义了人们所认为的积极事物，从而影响对他人行为、价值观和特质的认知。我们提出，在亲密关系中，人们会认为他人与自己有相同的价值观。六项研究（N = 2225；四项预注册分析和一项预注册研究）对这种偏见进行了检验。感知者报告了他们的个人价值观以及对某个亲近他人（目标对象）的感知到的价值观、行为或特质，而目标对象也报告了相同的价值观、行为或特质。在控制了真实目标对象的价值观/行为的情况下，个人价值观与对亲近他人的价值观和行为的认知显著正相关。该结果在配偶、恋爱伴侣、孩子、父母和朋友身上都得到了重复验证。一些证据还支持了这样一种观点，即这种偏见在质量更好的关系中更强。我们讨论了该研究结果对关系质量的影响，以及这种偏见的适应性特征的影响。（PsycInfo数据库记录（c）2025美国心理学会，保留所有权利）
