Research progress of traditional Chinese medicines in regulating acute kidney injury-related ferroptosis: a literature review.

Ferroptosis plays a significant role in the pathological mechanism of acute kidney injury (AKI) for many etiologies. The characteristics of ferroptosis involve many aspects, including iron metabolism, lipid metabolism, and glutathione metabolism. In terms of iron metabolism, ferroptosis involves the accumulation of labile iron; in terms of lipid metabolism, ferroptosis involves the peroxidation of lipids, especially certain phospholipids; in terms of glutathione metabolism, ferroptosis involves the reduction of reduced glutathione (GSH) levels, leading to a decrease in the activity of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4). A lot of traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) have been reported to have a protective effect against AKI, and many of these TCMs have shown a close association with regulating ferroptosis in ameliorating AKI. While the mechanisms through which these TCMs regulate ferroptosis associated with AKI are intricate, many of their targets are linked to the inhibition of lipid peroxidation or the regulation of iron metabolism. This article discusses some aspects of AKI and ferroptosis, and reviews some research progress on the regulation of AKI-related ferroptosis by TCMs.