Moore Brianna F, Mueller Noel T, Perng Wei, Sauder Katherine A, Hébert Emily T, Hoyt Adrienne T, Wymore Erica M, Boyle Kristen E, Su Emily J, Shapiro Allison L B, Kinney Gregory, Sempio Cristina, Klawitter Jost, Christians Uwe, Dabelea Dana
Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, Colorado, USA.
Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA.
Pediatr Obes. 2025 Jan;20(1):e13187. doi: 10.1111/ijpo.13187. Epub 2024 Dec 16.
Prenatal exposure to cannabis (or more specifically, delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol [Δ9-THC]) has been consistently linked to low birthweight. Animal models further show that Δ9-THC is associated with rapid postnatal growth. Whether this association is modified by breastfeeding is unknown.
In this exploratory study, we followed 128 mother-child pairs through 3 years. Urinary Δ9-THC and cannabidiol (CBD) were measured mid-gestation. Generalized linear models estimated the associations between Δ9-THC and neonatal body composition. A mixed-effects model estimated the association between Δ9-THC and body mass index (BMI) z-score trajectories. Interaction was assessed by a three-way product term (Δ9-THC × breastmilk months × age).
Fifteen children (12%) had Δ9-THC exposure; three had concomitant CBD exposure. Prenatal exposure to Δ9-THC alone was associated with lower fat mass (-95 g, 95% confidence interval [CI]: -174, -14) and neonatal adiposity (-2.1%; 95% CI: -4.2, -0.4) followed by rapid postnatal growth (0.42 increase in BMI z-score per square root year; 95% CI: 0.12, 0.72). Breastfeeding modified this association (p = 0.04), such that growth was similar for those breastfed for 5 months whereas a shorter duration of breastfeeding was associated with 1.1 higher BMI z-score at 3 years (95% CI: 0.21, 2.05).
Our study suggests that prenatal exposure to Δ9-THC may alter early-life growth. Breastfeeding may stabilize rapid postnatal growth, but the impact of lactational exposure requires further investigation.
产前接触大麻（或更具体地说，δ9-四氢大麻酚[Δ9-THC]）一直与低出生体重有关。动物模型进一步表明，Δ9-THC与出生后快速生长有关。这种关联是否会因母乳喂养而改变尚不清楚。
在这项探索性研究中，我们对128对母婴进行了为期3年的跟踪。在妊娠中期测量尿液中的Δ9-THC和大麻二酚（CBD）。广义线性模型估计了Δ9-THC与新生儿身体成分之间的关联。混合效应模型估计了Δ9-THC与体重指数（BMI）z评分轨迹之间的关联。通过三项乘积项（Δ9-THC×母乳喂养月数×年龄）评估相互作用。
15名儿童（12%）接触过Δ9-THC；3名儿童同时接触过CBD。仅产前接触Δ9-THC与较低的脂肪量（-95克，95%置信区间[CI]：-174，-14）和新生儿肥胖（-2.1%；95%CI：-4.2，-0.4）有关，随后是出生后快速生长（每平方根年BMI z评分增加0.42；95%CI：0.12，0.72）。母乳喂养改变了这种关联（p = 0.04），因此母乳喂养5个月的儿童生长情况相似，而母乳喂养时间较短与3岁时BMI z评分高1.1有关（95%CI：0.21，2.05）。
我们的研究表明，产前接触Δ9-THC可能会改变早期生长。母乳喂养可能会稳定出生后的快速生长，但哺乳期接触的影响需要进一步研究。
