Niyonkuru Emery, Iqbal Muhammad Asad, Zhang Xu, Ma Peng
Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, 438 Jie Fang Road, Zhenjiang, 212000, Jiangsu, China.
School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China.
Pain Ther. 2025 Feb;14(1):121-144. doi: 10.1007/s40122-024-00688-1. Epub 2024 Dec 17.
Postoperative pain significantly affects many surgical patients. While opioids are crucial for pain management, they come with unwanted side effects. Alternatives like nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists, and regional anesthesia techniques such as nerve blocks are utilized, but these also have limitations. This underscores the need for complementary non-pharmacological interventions to enhance postoperative pain control and reduce opioid dependence. This study aimed to synthesize evidence on the efficacy of nondrug approaches for managing postoperative pain. The study examined the effects of non-pharmacological interventions such as preoperative patient education, mind-body modalities, and physical therapies. Findings suggest that these approaches can reduce pain intensity, decrease opioid consumption, and enhance recovery outcomes. The study also highlighted the pivotal role of healthcare professionals in implementing these strategies. However, it identified workload constraints and insufficient training as barriers to effective utilization in clinical practice. Integrating non-pharmacological interventions into multimodal pain management regimens can improve postoperative pain control and reduce reliance on opioids. Further research is crucial to definitively establish the efficacy of individual interventions and optimize their combined use in clinical practice. Additionally, enhanced training programs for nurses and initiatives to facilitate the implementation of these strategies are necessary for their successful adoption.
术后疼痛对许多外科手术患者有显著影响。虽然阿片类药物对疼痛管理至关重要,但它们会带来不良副作用。非甾体抗炎药、N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸(NMDA)受体拮抗剂等替代药物,以及神经阻滞等区域麻醉技术都被使用,但这些也有局限性。这凸显了需要补充性的非药物干预措施来加强术后疼痛控制并减少对阿片类药物的依赖。本研究旨在综合关于非药物方法管理术后疼痛疗效的证据。该研究考察了术前患者教育、身心疗法和物理疗法等非药物干预措施的效果。研究结果表明,这些方法可以降低疼痛强度、减少阿片类药物的使用量,并改善康复结果。该研究还强调了医护人员在实施这些策略中的关键作用。然而,研究发现工作量限制和培训不足是在临床实践中有效应用的障碍。将非药物干预措施纳入多模式疼痛管理方案可以改善术后疼痛控制并减少对阿片类药物的依赖。进一步的研究对于明确确定个体干预措施的疗效并优化它们在临床实践中的联合使用至关重要。此外,为护士提供强化培训计划以及推动这些策略实施的举措对于它们的成功采用是必要的。
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