González-Solé Francesc, Solà-Oriol David, Villagómez Estrada Sandra, Muns Ramon, Pérez José Francisco
Animal Nutrition and Welfare Service (SNiBA), Department of Animal and Food Science, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain.
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Agronomy, Veterinary Medicine Department, Universidad UTE, Quito 17012764, Ecuador.
Animals (Basel). 2024 Dec 1;14(23):3471. doi: 10.3390/ani14233471.
First-phase diets are formulated to help pigs reach a target body weight before switching to a more affordable diet. However, these transitions typically take place on a fixed schedule, which may disadvantage low-body-weight piglets due to their underdeveloped digestive systems and limited feed intake capacity. This study examined the effects of offering low-body-weight (BW) pigs a pre-starter diet until they reached a target BW on growth performance and BW variability. A total of 528 pigs ([Landrace × Yorkshire] × Pietrain), weaned at day 21, representing the smallest 50% of their batch, were divided into medium (5.35 ± 0.31 kg) and small (3.97 ± 0.21 kg) groups based on weaning BW. Pigs received a pre-starter diet either for 10 days (FIXED) or until they reached a target BW of 7.9 kg (TBW), followed by a starter feed. Growth performance between the TBW and fixed strategies was similar over the 36-day period. Overall, mortality was higher in small pigs, though small pigs fed using the fixed strategy showed higher mortality than the rest of the groups between days 10 and 36. This study concludes that offering a pre-starter diet based on target BW, instead of a fixed time, did not significantly improve growth performance or batch uniformity but reduced mortality in small pigs from days 10 to 36.
第一阶段日粮的配方旨在帮助仔猪在换用更经济实惠的日粮之前达到目标体重。然而，这些过渡通常按照固定时间表进行，这可能对体重较轻的仔猪不利，因为它们的消化系统发育不全且采食量有限。本研究考察了给体重较轻的仔猪提供开食前日粮直至达到目标体重对生长性能和体重变异性的影响。总共528头（长白猪×大白猪）×皮特兰猪杂交仔猪在21日龄断奶，占同批次中体重最小的50%，根据断奶体重分为中等体重组（5.35±0.31千克）和小体重组（3.97±0.21千克）。仔猪要么接受10天的开食前日粮（固定组），要么直至达到7.9千克的目标体重（目标体重组），之后再给予开食料。在36天的试验期内，目标体重组和固定组的生长性能相似。总体而言，小体重仔猪的死亡率更高，不过在第10至36天期间，采用固定策略饲养的小体重仔猪死亡率高于其他组。本研究得出结论，根据目标体重而非固定时间提供开食前日粮，并未显著提高生长性能或批次均匀度，但降低了小体重仔猪在第10至36天期间的死亡率。
