Guo Jingya, Kang Seong-Gook, Huang Kunlun, Tong Tao
College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
Department of Food Engineering and Solar Salt Research Center, Mokpo National University, Muangun 58554, Republic of Korea.
Foods. 2024 Dec 6;13(23):3938. doi: 10.3390/foods13233938.
Odorant receptors (ORs) have long been thought to serve as chemosensors located on the cilia of olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) in the olfactory epithelium, where they recognize odorant molecules and comprise the largest family of seven transmembrane-domain G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Over the last three decades, accumulating evidence has suggested that ORs are distributed in a variety of peripheral tissues beyond their supposed typical tissue expression in the olfactory epithelium. These ectopic ORs play a role in regulating various cellular, physiological, and pathophysiological phenomena in the body, such as regulation of hypertension, hepatic glucose production, cancer development, and chronic skin disease. Adipose tissue, the key organ in regulating obesity and energy metabolism, has been reported to take advantage of ectopic OR-mediated signaling. In this review, we summarize and provide an in-depth analysis of the current research on the key biological functions of adipose tissue ORs in response to food-derived odorants, as well as the molecular mechanisms underlying their activity.
长期以来，人们一直认为气味受体（ORs）是位于嗅觉上皮中嗅觉感觉神经元（OSNs）纤毛上的化学传感器，在那里它们识别气味分子，并且构成了最大的七跨膜结构域G蛋白偶联受体（GPCRs）家族。在过去三十年中，越来越多的证据表明，ORs分布在嗅觉上皮以外的多种外周组织中，超出了它们通常被认为的典型组织表达范围。这些异位ORs在调节身体的各种细胞、生理和病理生理现象中发挥作用，例如调节高血压、肝脏葡萄糖生成、癌症发展和慢性皮肤病。脂肪组织是调节肥胖和能量代谢的关键器官，据报道它利用异位OR介导的信号传导。在这篇综述中，我们总结并深入分析了当前关于脂肪组织ORs对食物源性气味剂反应的关键生物学功能及其活性潜在分子机制的研究。
