Zhao Shaopeng, Yan Lei, Kamran Muhammad, Liu Shanshan, Riaz Muhammad
Guangdong Engineering and Technology Center for Environmental Pollution Prevention and Control in Agricultural Producing Areas, College of Resources and Environment, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China.
Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
Plants (Basel). 2024 Nov 22;13(23):3289. doi: 10.3390/plants13233289.
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) have been shown to play a major role in regulating the accumulation, transport, and toxicity of cadmium (Cd) in plant tissues. This review aims to highlight the current understanding of the mechanisms by which AMF alleviate Cd toxicity in plants. Cd accumulation in agricultural soils has become an increasing global concern due to industrial activities and the use of phosphatic fertilizers. Cd toxicity disrupts various physiological processes in plants, adversely affecting growth, photosynthesis, oxidative stress responses, and secondary metabolism. AMF alleviate Cd stress in plants through multiple mechanisms, including reduced Cd transport into plant roots, improved plant nutritional status, modulation of organic acid and protein exudation, enhanced antioxidant capacity, and maintenance of ion homeostasis. AMF colonization also influences Cd speciation, bioavailability, and compartmentalization within plant tissues. The expression of metal transporter genes, as well as the synthesis of phytochelatins and metallothioneins, are modulated by AMF during Cd stress. However, the efficacy of AMF in mitigating Cd toxicity depends on several factors, such as soil properties, plant species, AMF taxa, and experimental duration. Further knowledge of the intricate plant-AMF-Cd interactions is crucial for optimizing AMF-assisted phytoremediation strategies and developing Cd-tolerant and high-yielding crop varieties for cultivation in contaminated soils.
丛枝菌根真菌（AMF）已被证明在调节植物组织中镉（Cd）的积累、运输和毒性方面发挥着重要作用。本综述旨在突出当前对AMF缓解植物Cd毒性机制的理解。由于工业活动和磷肥的使用，农业土壤中的Cd积累已成为全球日益关注的问题。Cd毒性会破坏植物中的各种生理过程，对生长、光合作用、氧化应激反应和次生代谢产生不利影响。AMF通过多种机制缓解植物中的Cd胁迫，包括减少Cd向植物根系的运输、改善植物营养状况、调节有机酸和蛋白质分泌、增强抗氧化能力以及维持离子稳态。AMF定殖还会影响植物组织内Cd的形态、生物有效性和区室化。在Cd胁迫期间，AMF会调节金属转运蛋白基因的表达以及植物螯合肽和金属硫蛋白的合成。然而，AMF减轻Cd毒性的功效取决于几个因素，如土壤性质、植物物种、AMF分类群和实验持续时间。进一步了解复杂的植物-AMF-Cd相互作用对于优化AMF辅助植物修复策略以及开发用于在污染土壤中种植的耐Cd高产作物品种至关重要。
