Cheng Yingxia, Tian Yanling, Guo Pengyu, Luo Junjie, Xu Chan, Zhang Yang, Chen Guoping, Xie Qiaoli, Hu Zongli
Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China.
Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Chongqing University, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400044, China.
Plants (Basel). 2024 Nov 29;13(23):3353. doi: 10.3390/plants13233353.
The pigmentation of various components leads to different colors of roses. However, the intricate molecular machinery and metabolic pathways underlying rose pigmentation remain largely unexplored. In this study, we determined that pink and black-red petals contain abundant anthocyanins, reaching concentrations of 800 μg/g and 1400 μg/g, respectively, significantly surpassing those in white and yellow petals. We identified 22 key anthocyanin components, predominantly cyanidin, pelargonidin, delphinidin, peonidin, and petunidin, which were preferentially enriched in pink and black-red petals. Additionally, we confirmed the presence of five carotenoid species-lutein, zeaxanthin, ζ-carotene, α-carotene, and β-carotene-with zeaxanthin and carotenoids notably accumulating in yellow petals at significantly higher levels compared with other colors. Furthermore, RNA-seq and qRT-PCR analyses revealed the association between pigment accumulation and the expression patterns of genes involved in anthocyanin and carotenoid biosynthesis pathways. Through promoter core element prediction and transcriptional metabolic co-expression analyses, we found that the MYB transcription factor likely positively modulates the expressions of key biosynthetic genes such as CHS, F3'H, and DFR, while the NAC transcription factor enhances the transcriptional activities of PSY, ZISO, and LYCB. Overall, this study explores the components of flower color, unravels the synthesis of anthocyanins and carotenoids, identifies regulatory factors, and highlights the prospects of rose breeding.
各种成分的色素沉着导致玫瑰呈现出不同的颜色。然而，玫瑰色素沉着背后复杂的分子机制和代谢途径在很大程度上仍未得到探索。在本研究中，我们测定出粉色和黑红色花瓣含有丰富的花青素，浓度分别达到800μg/g和1400μg/g，显著超过白色和黄色花瓣中的含量。我们鉴定出22种关键的花青素成分，主要是矢车菊素、天竺葵素、飞燕草素、芍药色素和矮牵牛色素，它们在粉色和黑红色花瓣中优先富集。此外，我们证实了5种类胡萝卜素——叶黄素、玉米黄质、ζ-胡萝卜素、α-胡萝卜素和β-胡萝卜素的存在，其中玉米黄质和类胡萝卜素在黄色花瓣中的积累量明显高于其他颜色花瓣。此外，RNA测序和qRT-PCR分析揭示了色素积累与花青素和类胡萝卜素生物合成途径中相关基因表达模式之间的关联。通过启动子核心元件预测和转录代谢共表达分析，我们发现MYB转录因子可能正向调节CHS、F3'H和DFR等关键生物合成基因的表达，而NAC转录因子则增强了PSY、ZISO和LYCB的转录活性。总体而言，本研究探索了花色成分，揭示了花青素和类胡萝卜素的合成，鉴定了调控因子，并突出了玫瑰育种的前景。
