Li Hongying, Tang Jun, Wang Jing, Qiao Jun, Zhu Ningyuan
State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 298 Chuangyou Road, Nanjing 211135, China.
Robert R. McCormick School of Engineering and Applied Science, Northwestern University, 633 Clark Street, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
Plants (Basel). 2024 Dec 5;13(23):3420. doi: 10.3390/plants13233420.
Conservation agriculture practices (CAs) are important under the increasingly serious soil quality degradation of sloping farmlands worldwide. However, little is known about how the long-term application of CAs influences soil quality at different slope positions. We conducted field experiments for a watershed sloping farmland's mainstream planting systems in the Three Gorges Reservoir area of China. Orchard plots were treated with a conventional citrus planting pattern (C-CK), citrus intercropped with white clover (WC), citrus orchard soil mulched with straw (SM) and citrus intercropped with contour hedgerows (HF). Crop field plots were treated with a conventional wheat-peanut rotation (W-CK), a wheat-peanut rotation intercropped with contour hedgerows (TS), a wheat-peanut rotation intercropped with alfalfa contour hedgerows (AF) and a ryegrass-sesame rotation (RS). We collected soil samples from the plots at the upper, middle and lower slope positions and measured their soil properties after a nine-year experiment. We found that (1) CAs improved the soil properties at the three slope positions; (2) the effect of the CAs on the soil properties was more significant than that on the slope position; and (3) the soil quality index at the upper, middle and lower slope positions increased by 29.9%, 45.8% and 33.3%, respectively, for WC; 48.7%, 39.5% and 27.1%, respectively, for SM; and 21.7%, 25.5% and 21.6%, respectively, for HF compared to C-CK; as well as 18.7%, 23.7% and 20.4%, respectively, for TS; 16.9%, 18.6% and 16.5%, respectively, for AF; and 16.1%, 13.0% and 13.9%, respectively, for RS compared to W-CK. These findings suggest that long-term CA application enhances the soil quality of the slope position, of which SM and TS applied to orchards and crop fields, respectively, are the most effective.
在全球坡耕地土壤质量退化日益严重的情况下，保护性农业措施（CAs）至关重要。然而，关于长期应用保护性农业措施如何影响不同坡位的土壤质量，人们了解甚少。我们针对中国三峡库区一个流域坡耕地的主流种植系统开展了田间试验。果园地块采用常规柑橘种植模式（C-CK）、柑橘与白三叶草间作（WC）、柑橘园土壤覆盖秸秆（SM）以及柑橘与等高绿篱间作（HF）进行处理。农田地块采用常规小麦-花生轮作（W-CK）、小麦-花生轮作与等高绿篱间作（TS）、小麦-花生轮作与苜蓿等高绿篱间作（AF）以及黑麦草-芝麻轮作（RS）进行处理。经过九年试验后，我们从坡位的上部、中部和下部地块采集土壤样本并测量其土壤性质。我们发现：（1）保护性农业措施改善了三个坡位的土壤性质；（2）保护性农业措施对土壤性质的影响比对坡位的影响更为显著；（3）与C-CK相比，WC处理下，坡位上部、中部和下部的土壤质量指数分别提高了29.9%、45.8%和33.3%；SM处理下分别提高了48.7%、39.5%和27.1%；HF处理下分别提高了21.7%、25.5%和21.6%；与W-CK相比，TS处理下分别提高了18.7%、23.7%和20.4%；AF处理下分别提高了16.9%、18.6%和16.5%；RS处理下分别提高了16.1%、13.0%和13.9%。这些研究结果表明，长期应用保护性农业措施可提高坡位的土壤质量，其中分别应用于果园和农田的SM和TS最为有效。
