Ayık Burak, Güleç Tuğba, Aydın Nevzat, Türkoğlu Aras, Bocianowski Jan
Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey University, Karaman 70100, Türkiye.
Department of Plant and Animal Production, Vocational School of Technical Sciences, Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey University, Karaman 70100, Türkiye.
Plants (Basel). 2024 Dec 7;13(23):3437. doi: 10.3390/plants13233437.
In this study, BC1F3:4 generation plants derived from the hybrid crosses of Rio Blanco × Nevzatbey, Rio Blanco × Adana99, and Rio Blanco × line 127 were used as experimental material. These hybrids incorporated QTLs associated with pre-harvest sprouting (PHS) resistance through molecular techniques. Key agronomic traits, including plant height, spike length, the number of grains per spike, grain weight, and physiological maturity, were evaluated in both greenhouse and growth room settings under accelerated growth (speed breeding) conditions. Results indicated that plants grown in the fully controlled greenhouse conditions exhibited superior agronomic performance compared with those cultivated in the growth room. Additionally, germination tests were conducted on each hybrid cross to identify genotypes exhibiting dormancy. The analysis revealed that 11 lines from the Rio Blanco × Nevzatbey combination, eight lines from Rio Blanco × Adana99, and six lines from Rio Blanco × Line 127 had notably low germination indices. Among the three hybrid families, the Rio Blanco × Nevzatbey BC1F3:4 hybrids demonstrated the lowest germination index (0.44). Furthermore, Rio Blanco itself recorded the lowest germination index under both greenhouse (0.02) and growth room (0.24) conditions. These findings suggest that environmental conditions exert a significant influence on the expression of dormancy in these genotypes, even when dormancy genes are present. The lines developed in this research have the potential to serve as elite material in breeding programs aimed at enhancing pre-harvest sprouting resistance.
在本研究中，以Rio Blanco与Nevzatbey、Rio Blanco与Adana99以及Rio Blanco与127系杂交产生的BC1F3:4代植株作为实验材料。这些杂交种通过分子技术导入了与抗穗发芽（PHS）相关的QTL。在温室和生长室环境下，于加速生长（快速育种）条件下对包括株高、穗长、每穗粒数、粒重和生理成熟度在内的关键农艺性状进行了评估。结果表明，在完全可控的温室条件下生长的植株与在生长室中栽培的植株相比，表现出更优的农艺性能。此外，对每个杂交组合进行了发芽试验，以鉴定表现出休眠的基因型。分析表明，Rio Blanco×Nevzatbey组合中有11个株系、Rio Blanco×Adana99中有8个株系以及Rio Blanco×127系中有6个株系的发芽指数显著较低。在这三个杂交家族中，Rio Blanco×Nevzatbey BC1F3:4杂交种的发芽指数最低（0.44）。此外，Rio Blanco本身在温室（0.02）和生长室（0.24）条件下的发芽指数均最低。这些发现表明，即使存在休眠基因，环境条件对这些基因型中休眠的表达也有显著影响。本研究中培育的株系有可能作为旨在提高抗穗发芽能力的育种计划中的优良材料。
