Ong Shien Ping, Miller Jody C, McNabb Warren C, Gearry Richard B, Ware Lara M, Mullaney Jane A, Fraser Karl, Hort Joanne, Bayer Simone B, Frampton Chris M A, Roy Nicole C
Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand.
Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand.
Nutrients. 2024 Dec 6;16(23):4215. doi: 10.3390/nu16234215.
Age-related changes can lead to dietary insufficiency in older adults. The inclusion of high-quality, nutrient-dense foods such as ruminant milks can significantly improve health outcomes. However, many older adults worldwide do not meet daily milk intake recommendations because of digestive discomfort and health concerns. Ovine and caprine milks are increasingly popular for their perceived digestive and nutritional benefits. While preclinical studies suggest differences in milk digestion, human studies investigating acute postprandial responses remain inconclusive, and the impacts of sustained milk consumption remain uncertain.
Hence, we present a randomized controlled trial investigating how the sustained consumption of bovine, caprine, or ovine milk influences digestion, nutrition, and metabolism in older women.
A total of 165 healthy older women were randomized to receive bovine, caprine, or ovine milk, or no milk, twice daily for 12 weeks. The primary outcome is the impact of milk consumption on digestive comfort assessed via the Gastrointestinal Syndrome Rating Scale (GSRS). Secondary outcomes include changes in nutrient intake, plasma amino acid and lipid appearance, bowel habits, the gut microbiota, cardiometabolic health, physical function, physical activity, sleep, mood, sensory perception, and emotional response.
The findings could inform dietary recommendations for older women and facilitate the development of targeted functional food products.
与年龄相关的变化可能导致老年人饮食不足。摄入高质量、营养丰富的食物，如反刍动物奶，可显著改善健康状况。然而，由于消化不适和健康问题，全球许多老年人未达到每日牛奶摄入量建议。绵羊奶和山羊奶因其在消化和营养方面的益处而越来越受欢迎。虽然临床前研究表明牛奶消化存在差异，但关于急性餐后反应的人体研究尚无定论，持续饮用牛奶的影响仍不确定。
因此，我们开展了一项随机对照试验，以研究持续饮用牛奶、羊奶或山羊奶如何影响老年女性的消化、营养和代谢。
总共165名健康老年女性被随机分为四组，分别每日两次饮用牛奶、羊奶、山羊奶或不饮用牛奶，持续12周。主要结局是通过胃肠道综合征评定量表（GSRS）评估饮用牛奶对消化舒适度的影响。次要结局包括营养摄入、血浆氨基酸和脂质水平、排便习惯、肠道微生物群、心脏代谢健康、身体功能、身体活动、睡眠、情绪、感官知觉和情绪反应的变化。
这些研究结果可为老年女性的饮食建议提供参考，并有助于开发有针对性的功能性食品。
