Zhang Xiao, Gu Dongfang, Liu Daoming, Hassan Muhammad Ahmad, Yu Cao, Wu Xiangzhi, Huang Shijie, Bian Shiquan, Wei Pengcheng, Li Juan
Key Laboratory of Rice Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Improvement of Anhui Province, Rice Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, China.
National Center of Technology Innovation for Saline-Alkali Tolerant Rice in Sanya, Sanya 572024, China.
Int J Mol Sci. 2024 Dec 2;25(23):12965. doi: 10.3390/ijms252312965.
Rice ( L.) feeds half the world's population and serves as one of the most vital staple food crops globally. The brown planthopper (BPH, Stål), a major piercing-sucking herbivore specific to rice, accounts for large yield losses annually in rice-growing areas. Developing rice varieties with host resistance has been acknowledged as the most effective and economical approach for BPH control. Accordingly, the foremost step is to identify BPH resistance genes and elucidate the resistance mechanism of rice. More than 70 BPH resistance genes/QTLs with wide distributions on nine chromosomes have been identified from rice and wild relatives. Among them, 17 BPH resistance genes were successfully cloned and principally encoded coiled-coil nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (CC-NB-LRR) protein and lectin receptor kinase (LecRK), as well as proteins containing a B3 DNA-binding domain, leucine-rich repeat domain (LRD) and short consensus repeat (SCR) domain. Multiple mechanisms contribute to rice resistance against BPH attack, including transcription factors, physical barriers, phytohormones, defense metabolites and exocytosis pathways. Plant hormones, including jasmonic acid (JA), salicylic acid (SA), ethylene (ET), abscisic acid (ABA), gibberellins (GAs), cytokinins (CKs), brassinosteroids (BRs) and indoleacetic-3-acid (IAA), play crucial roles in coordinating rice defense responses to the BPH. Here, we summarize some recent advances in the genetic mapping, cloning and biochemical mechanisms of BPH resistance genes. We also review the latest studies on our understanding of the function and crosstalk of phytohormones in the rice immune network against BPHs. Further directions for rice BPH resistance studies and management are also proposed.
水稻（Oryza sativa L.）养活了世界上一半的人口，是全球最重要的主食作物之一。褐飞虱（Nilaparvata lugens Stål）是一种专食水稻的主要刺吸式植食性害虫，每年在水稻种植区造成巨大的产量损失。培育具有寄主抗性的水稻品种被认为是防治褐飞虱最有效、最经济的方法。因此，首要步骤是鉴定褐飞虱抗性基因并阐明水稻的抗性机制。已从水稻及其野生近缘种中鉴定出70多个褐飞虱抗性基因/数量性状位点（QTL），它们广泛分布于9条染色体上。其中，17个褐飞虱抗性基因已成功克隆，主要编码卷曲螺旋核苷酸结合富含亮氨酸重复序列（CC-NB-LRR）蛋白、凝集素受体激酶（LecRK），以及含有B3 DNA结合结构域、富含亮氨酸重复结构域（LRD）和短共有重复序列（SCR）结构域的蛋白。多种机制有助于水稻抵抗褐飞虱的侵害，包括转录因子、物理屏障、植物激素、防御代谢物和胞吐途径。植物激素，包括茉莉酸（JA）、水杨酸（SA）、乙烯（ET）、脱落酸（ABA）、赤霉素（GAs）、细胞分裂素（CKs）、油菜素内酯（BRs）和吲哚-3-乙酸（IAA），在协调水稻对褐飞虱的防御反应中发挥着关键作用。在此，我们总结了褐飞虱抗性基因的遗传定位、克隆及生化机制方面的一些最新进展。我们还综述了关于植物激素在水稻抗褐飞虱免疫网络中的功能及相互作用的最新研究。此外，还提出了水稻抗褐飞虱研究及防治的进一步方向。
