Palomino-Vizcaino Giovanni, Bañuelos-Villegas Evelyn Gabriela, Alvarez-Salas Luis Marat
Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Unidad Valle de las Palmas, Campus Tijuana, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Tijuana 21500, Mexico.
Laboratorio de Terapia Génica, Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del I.P.N., México City 07360, Mexico.
Int J Mol Sci. 2024 Dec 3;25(23):12991. doi: 10.3390/ijms252312991.
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) that negatively regulate gene expression. MiRNAs regulate fundamental biological processes and have significant roles in several pathologies, including cancer. Cervical cancer is the best-known example of a widespread human malignancy with a demonstrated viral etiology. Infection with high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) has been shown to be a causative factor for cervical carcinogenesis. Despite the occurrence of prophylactic vaccines, highly sensitive HPV diagnostics, and innovative new therapies, cervical cancer remains a main cause of death in developing countries. The relationship between hrHPV infection and cervical cancer depends on the integration of viral DNA to the host genome, disrupting the viral regulator E2 and the continuous production of the viral E6 and E7 proteins, which are necessary to acquire and maintain a transformed phenotype but insufficient for malignant cervical carcinogenesis. Lately, miRNAs, the tumor microenvironment, and immune evasion have been found to be major players in cervical carcinogenesis after hrHPV infection. Many miRNAs have been widely reported as deregulated in cervical cancer. Here, the relevance of miRNA in HPV-mediated transformation is critically reviewed in the context of the natural history of hrHPV infection and cervical cancer.
微小RNA（miRNA）是一类小的非编码RNA（ncRNA），可负向调节基因表达。miRNA调节基本生物学过程，并在包括癌症在内的多种病理过程中发挥重要作用。宫颈癌是一种广为人知的人类恶性肿瘤，其病因已证实与病毒有关。高危型人乳头瘤病毒（hrHPV）感染已被证明是宫颈癌发生的一个致病因素。尽管有预防性疫苗、高灵敏度的HPV诊断方法和创新的新疗法，但宫颈癌仍是发展中国家的主要死因。hrHPV感染与宫颈癌之间的关系取决于病毒DNA整合到宿主基因组中，破坏病毒调节因子E2以及病毒E6和E7蛋白的持续产生，这些蛋白是获得和维持转化表型所必需的，但不足以导致宫颈恶性癌变。最近，miRNA、肿瘤微环境和免疫逃逸已被发现是hrHPV感染后宫颈癌发生的主要因素。许多miRNA在宫颈癌中被广泛报道为失调。在此，结合hrHPV感染和宫颈癌的自然史，对miRNA在HPV介导的转化中的相关性进行了批判性综述。
