Wrzeciono Adam, Cieślik Błażej, Kiper Pawel, Szczepańska-Gieracha Joanna, Gajda Robert
Faculty of Physiotherapy, Wroclaw University of Health and Sport Sciences, 51-612 Wroclaw, Poland.
Healthcare Innovation Technology Lab, IRCCS San Camillo Hospital, 30126 Venice, Italy.
J Clin Med. 2024 Nov 26;13(23):7178. doi: 10.3390/jcm13237178.
While cardiac rehabilitation (CR) primarily focuses on restoring physical strength, preventing relapse, and reducing rehospitalization rates, psychological interventions play a complementary role by supporting mental health, which is crucial for patients' long-term adherence and overall recovery. The effectiveness of psychological interventions in CR is debated, and while technologies like virtual reality (VR) therapy show promise, they have limitations for patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Therefore, this study examines non-sleep deep rest (NSDR) relaxation, a novel and easily implementable technique, and compares its impact on depression, anxiety, and stress with VR therapy and standard care. Forty-five CAD patients undergoing CR in ambulatory conditions were divided into three groups: the NSDR group, which received eight sessions of NSDR relaxation as part of their rehabilitation; the VR group, which received eight sessions of VR therapy as part of their rehabilitation; and the control group, which received standard care including Schultz Autogenic Training (SAT). The outcomes were measured using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and the Perception of Stress Questionnaire (PSQ). Both NSDR relaxation and VR therapy were effective in reducing the HADS total score, anxiety levels, the PSQ general score, and emotional tension. No significant differences were observed between the two treatment approaches. However, SAT was found to be insufficient for effectively improving the mental state of cardiac patients. This study suggests that NSDR relaxation is an effective psychotherapeutic intervention in CR. NSDR and VR therapy showed similar benefits, offering promising alternatives to traditional methods. Integrating these techniques could enhance patient outcomes and adherence in CR. Further research is needed to refine these interventions and optimize their clinical application.
虽然心脏康复（CR）主要侧重于恢复体力、预防复发和降低再住院率，但心理干预通过支持心理健康发挥着补充作用，这对患者的长期依从性和整体康复至关重要。心理干预在心脏康复中的有效性存在争议，虽然虚拟现实（VR）治疗等技术显示出前景，但它们对冠状动脉疾病（CAD）患者存在局限性。因此，本研究考察了非睡眠深度放松（NSDR），这是一种新颖且易于实施的技术，并将其对抑郁、焦虑和压力的影响与VR治疗和标准护理进行比较。45名在门诊接受心脏康复的CAD患者被分为三组：NSDR组，作为康复的一部分接受八次NSDR放松治疗；VR组，作为康复的一部分接受八次VR治疗；对照组，接受包括舒尔茨自生训练（SAT）在内的标准护理。使用医院焦虑抑郁量表（HADS）和压力感知问卷（PSQ）测量结果。NSDR放松和VR治疗在降低HADS总分、焦虑水平、PSQ总体得分和情绪紧张方面均有效。两种治疗方法之间未观察到显著差异。然而，发现SAT不足以有效改善心脏病患者的心理状态。本研究表明，NSDR放松是心脏康复中一种有效的心理治疗干预措施。NSDR和VR治疗显示出相似的益处，为传统方法提供了有前景的替代方案。整合这些技术可以提高心脏康复中的患者治疗效果和依从性。需要进一步研究来完善这些干预措施并优化其临床应用。
