Retrospective cohort study on the safety and efficacy of paclitaxel-coated balloon in the treatment of diabetic subpatellar artery disease.

Paclitaxel can inhibit smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration, and reduce the risk of vascular restenosis after balloon dilation. Our study investigated the safety and efficacy of paclitaxel-coated balloon (PCB) treatment for diabetic subpatellar artery disease. In this study, 140 patients with diabetic subknee arterial disease treated in our hospital from January 2022 to December 2023 were selected as the study objects, and were divided into the control group (conventional balloon interventionization angioplasty) and the observation group (PCB interventionization angioplasty), with 70 cases in each group according to the differences in previous balloon interventionization. The safety and efficacy of the 2 treatments were compared. There was no significant difference in the primary patency rate 6 months after operation between the 2 groups (P > .05). There was significant difference in restenosis rate at 12 months after operation (P < .05). There was no significant difference in ankle-brachial index between the 2 groups before and 6 months after operation (P > .05). At 12 months after operation, ankle-brachial index of observation group was higher than that of control group, and the differences were statistically significant (P < .05). The improvement rate of walking impairment and 6 minutes walking distance in the observation group were significantly better than those in the control group, the difference was statistically significant (P < .05). There was no significant difference in the occurrence of adverse events between the 2 groups after operation (P > .05). For diabetic patients with subknee arterial disease, PCB treatment can ensure safety and improve clinical symptoms, and has good practical value.