García-Berumen José Abraham, Flores de la Torre Juan Armando, de Los Santos-Villalobos Sergio, Espinoza-Canales Alejandro, Echavarría-Cháirez Francisco Guadalupe, Gutiérrez-Bañuelos Héctor
Unidad Académica de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Zacatecas, Mexico.
Unidad Académica de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Carretera Guadalajara km 6 Ejido la Escondida, 98060, Zacatecas, Zacatecas, Mexico.
Curr Res Microb Sci. 2024 Nov 27;8:100326. doi: 10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100326. eCollection 2025.
Phosphorus (P) is an essential element for plant growth, playing a crucial role in various metabolic processes. Despite its importance, phosphorus availability in soils is often restricted due to its tendency to form insoluble complexes, limiting plant uptake. The increasing demand for phosphorus in agriculture, combined with limited global reserves of phosphate rock, has created challenges for sustainable plant production. Additionally, the overuse of chemical phosphorus fertilizers has resulted in environmental degradation, such as eutrophication of water bodies. Increasing agronomic phosphorus (P) efficiency is crucial because of population growth and increased food demand. Hence, microorganisms involved in the P cycle are a promising biotechnological strategy that has gained global interest in recent decades. Microorganisms' solubilization of phosphate rock (PR) is an environmentally sustainable alternative to chemical processing for producing phosphate fertilizers. Phosphorus-solubilizing microorganisms (PSMs), including bacteria and fungi, and their enzymatic processes offer an eco-friendly and sustainable alternative to chemical inputs by converting insoluble phosphorus into forms readily available for plant uptake. Integrating PSMs into agricultural systems presents a promising strategy to reduce dependence on chemical fertilizers, enhance soil health, and contribute to the transition toward more sustainable and resilient agricultural practices. It can be an alternative that reduces the loss of phosphorus in the environment, especially the eutrophication of aquatic systems. This paper explores the challenges of phosphorus availability in agriculture and the potential of microbial phosphorus solubilization as a sustainable alternative to conventional practices.
磷（P）是植物生长必需的元素，在各种代谢过程中发挥着关键作用。尽管其很重要，但由于磷易于形成不溶性络合物，土壤中磷的有效性往往受到限制，从而限制了植物对磷的吸收。农业对磷的需求不断增加，加上全球磷矿储量有限，给可持续植物生产带来了挑战。此外，化学磷肥的过度使用导致了环境退化，如水体富营养化。由于人口增长和粮食需求增加，提高农艺磷效率至关重要。因此，参与磷循环的微生物是一种很有前景的生物技术策略，近几十年来已引起全球关注。微生物对磷矿的溶解是生产磷肥的化学加工的一种环境可持续替代方法。解磷微生物（PSMs），包括细菌和真菌，及其酶促过程通过将不溶性磷转化为植物易于吸收的形式，提供了一种替代化学投入物的生态友好且可持续的方法。将解磷微生物整合到农业系统中是一种很有前景的策略，可减少对化肥的依赖，增强土壤健康，并有助于向更可持续和有韧性的农业实践转变。它可以作为一种减少环境中磷流失，特别是减少水生系统富营养化的替代方法。本文探讨了农业中磷有效性的挑战以及微生物解磷作为传统做法的可持续替代方法的潜力。
