Tiwari Vandita, Kamboj Akhil, Sheoran Bhawna, Chaudhary Era, Yadav Mona, Kumari Anita, Krishania Meena, Ali Usman, Tiwari Apoorv, Garg Monika, Bhatnagar Archana
Department of Biochemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India.
National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, Punjab, India.
Food Funct. 2025 May 6;16(9):3273-3295. doi: 10.1039/d4fo05065g.
: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is associated with insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, and hyperlipidemia. Anthocyanins, which are natural antioxidants, have been reported to manage T2DM-related complications. However, the potential of anthocyanin-rich black wheat as a functional food for managing diabetes remains unexplored. : This study aimed to investigate the effects of anthocyanin-rich black wheat on glucose metabolism, insulin sensitivity, lipid profile, oxidative stress, inflammation, and organ protection in high fat diet-streptozotocin (HFD-STZ) induced T2DM rats. : T2DM was induced in rats using HFD-STZ. The rats were fed with either white wheat or anthocyanin-rich black wheat chapatti. Glucose metabolism, insulin sensitivity, lipid profile, antioxidant enzymes, inflammatory markers, and glucose transporters were assessed. Histopathological analysis of the liver, kidneys, and spleen was performed. : Compared to white wheat chapatti, black wheat chapatti exhibited higher α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities. Black wheat chapatti consumption significantly reduced blood glucose and HbA1c levels, and improved insulin sensitivity, oral glucose tolerance, and insulin tolerance. Antioxidant enzyme (superoxide dismutase and catalase) activities were enhanced. Atherogenic dyslipidemia was attenuated, with improved high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. Inflammatory markers (TNF-α, IL-1β, leptin, resistin and cortisol) were reduced, while adiponectin (Acrp-30) levels increased. Black wheat chapatti activated adiponectin-AMPK and PI3K-AKT pathways, upregulating glucose transporters (GLUT-2 and GLUT-4). Histopathology revealed protective effects on the liver, kidneys, and spleen. : Anthocyanin-rich black wheat chapatti ameliorates insulin resistance and associated complications in HFD-STZ-induced T2DM rats. It modulates key signaling pathways and glucose transporters, demonstrating its potential as a functional food for managing T2DM and its complications.
2型糖尿病（T2DM）与胰岛素抵抗、高血糖和高脂血症有关。花青素作为天然抗氧化剂，已被报道可控制与T2DM相关的并发症。然而，富含花青素的黑小麦作为一种管理糖尿病的功能性食品的潜力仍未得到探索。
本研究旨在探讨富含花青素的黑小麦对高脂饮食-链脲佐菌素（HFD-STZ）诱导的T2DM大鼠的葡萄糖代谢、胰岛素敏感性、血脂谱、氧化应激、炎症和器官保护的影响。
使用HFD-STZ诱导大鼠患T2DM。给大鼠喂食白小麦或富含花青素的黑小麦薄饼。评估葡萄糖代谢、胰岛素敏感性、血脂谱、抗氧化酶、炎症标志物和葡萄糖转运蛋白。对肝脏、肾脏和脾脏进行组织病理学分析。
与白小麦薄饼相比，黑小麦薄饼表现出更高的α-淀粉酶和α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性。食用黑小麦薄饼可显著降低血糖和糖化血红蛋白水平，并改善胰岛素敏感性、口服葡萄糖耐量和胰岛素耐量。抗氧化酶（超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化氢酶）活性增强。动脉粥样硬化性血脂异常得到缓解，高密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平提高。炎症标志物（肿瘤坏死因子-α、白细胞介素-1β、瘦素、抵抗素和皮质醇）减少，而脂联素（Acrp-30）水平增加。黑小麦薄饼激活脂联素-AMPK和PI3K-AKT途径，上调葡萄糖转运蛋白（GLUT-2和GLUT-4）。组织病理学显示对肝脏、肾脏和脾脏有保护作用。
富含花青素的黑小麦薄饼可改善HFD-STZ诱导的T2DM大鼠的胰岛素抵抗及相关并发症。它调节关键信号通路和葡萄糖转运蛋白，证明其作为管理T2DM及其并发症的功能性食品的潜力。
