Ramond Pierre, Galand Pierre E, Logares Ramiro
Institute of Marine Sciences (ICM-CSIC), Department of Marine Biology and Oceanography, CSIC, Barcelona, Catalunya, 08003, Spain.
Sorbonne Universités, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Ecogéochimie des Environnements Benthiques (LECOB), Observatoire Océanologique de Banyuls, Banyuls sur Mer, 66650, France.
FEMS Microbiol Rev. 2025 Jan 14;49. doi: 10.1093/femsre/fuae031.
Microbial functional ecology is expanding as we can now measure the traits of wild microbes that affect ecosystem functioning. Here, we review techniques and advances that could be the bedrock for a unified framework to study microbial functions. These include our newfound access to environmental microbial genomes, collections of microbial traits, but also our ability to study microbes' distribution and expression. We then explore the technical, ecological, and evolutionary processes that could explain environmental patterns of microbial functional diversity and redundancy. Next, we suggest reconciling microbiology with biodiversity-ecosystem functioning studies by experimentally testing the significance of microbial functional diversity and redundancy for the efficiency, resistance, and resilience of ecosystem processes. Such advances will aid in identifying state shifts and tipping points in microbiomes, enhancing our understanding of how and where will microbes guide Earth's biomes in the context of a changing planet.
随着我们现在能够测量影响生态系统功能的野生微生物的特征，微生物功能生态学正在不断扩展。在此，我们回顾了一些技术和进展，这些技术和进展可能成为研究微生物功能的统一框架的基石。这些包括我们新获得的对环境微生物基因组的了解、微生物特征的集合，以及我们研究微生物分布和表达的能力。然后，我们探讨了可以解释微生物功能多样性和冗余性的环境模式的技术、生态和进化过程。接下来，我们建议通过实验测试微生物功能多样性和冗余性对生态系统过程的效率、抗性和恢复力的重要性，使微生物学与生物多样性-生态系统功能研究相协调。这些进展将有助于识别微生物群落中的状态转变和临界点，加深我们对在不断变化的星球背景下微生物如何以及在何处引导地球生物群落的理解。
